Cheat Sheet on the Canadian Election for my American Friends (and for Canadians who didnât take civics in high school)
How the System Works
Canadians do not vote directly for our Prime Ministers the way you vote for Presidents; rather, Canadians elect representatives (called âMembers of Parliamentâ or âMPsâ) for their local district (called a âridingâ), to control one seat in the House of Commons (roughly analogous to Congress).
Each candidate in a riding represents one political party. When all of the votes are counted in every riding, the party that controls the most seats in the House of Commons forms the government, and their leader becomes the Prime Minister.
A candidate wins the election in a particular riding if they get more votes than any one of the other candidates; note, that I didnât say âthe majority of the votes.â This system is called âFirst-Past-the-Postâ and it can create serious problems.
There are more than two parties here. Depending on where you live in the country, there could be as many as six parties with a serious shot at winning your seat. What this means is that itâs possible (common, in fact) for a candidate to be elected with most of the population voting for other parties.
Who the Players Are
The Liberal Party of Canada (Leader: Justin Trudeau). A centrist, neoliberal political party and the government for the last four years. Has formed the government, on and off, for most of the last century. Generally campaigns on a relatively left-wing platform and then governs in a much more capitalistic sort of way. Basically your Democrats.
The Conservative Party of Canada (Leader: Andrew Scheer) A right-wing party and official opposition for the last four years. Created from a merger between the old Progressive Conservative (moderate right-wing) and Reform (far-right wing) parties. Roughly analogous to your Republican Party.
The New Democratic Party (Leader: Jagmeet Singh) A left-wing party. Recently returned to its socialist roots. Theyâve never formed the government at the federal level, but they have governed most of the provinces at one time or another. Roughly analogous to Bernie Sanders or Alexandria Occasio-Cortez
The Green Party of Canada (Leader: Elizabeth May)Â An Environmentalist party. Their policy platform is arguably somewhat to the right of the NDP, but still left of the Liberals. Roughly analogous to your Green Party, except somewhat more successful
The Bloc Quebecois (Leader: Yves-François Blanchet) A Quebec nationalist party. Politically, they tend to be socialist on economic issues, but in recent years they have adopted right-wing policies on immigration and accommodation of religious minorities (especially Muslims, Sikhs, and Jews). Have their roots in Quebec separatism, but itâs not a priority this time around. There is no analogue to the Bloc in American politics.
The Peopleâs Party of Canada (Leader: Maxime Bernier) A fascist âright-wing populist and nationalistâ political party. Basically a vehicle for Bernierâs ego masquerading as a political party. Anti-regulation, anti-tax, anti-immigration, anti-LGBT, anti-environmentalist. Generally awful all around. Fuck them with a jackhammer. Roughly analogous to Trumpism, except that for âpopulistsâ they have remarkably little popular support. Seriously, fuck these guys.
What the Issues Are:
Global warming is the big one this time around. Both the Liberals and the Conservatives (and the Peopleâs Party, but who cares) are wholly committed to development of Canadaâs massively polluting oil sands, though the Liberals favour a carbon tax. The NDP and the Greens have âgreen new dealâ-style plans. The Bloc doesnât like pipelines.
Trudeauâs record. Four years ago, Trudeau came into office on a platform of infrastructure stimulus spending, electoral reform, improving Canadaâs relations with First Nations, and revising environmental regulations, which had been gutted by the previous government. He has since done none of these things, and a lot of people are upset about that.
The SNC Lavalin scandal. Basically, Trudeau put pressure on his attorney general to help one of his corporate donors evade prosecution for corruption and it blew up in his face.
Income inequality has been a bit of a sleeper issue, in that the NDP proposed a new wealth tax and it has proven more popular than the media was expecting.
Immigration was supposed to be a big issue, especially with the Peopleâs Party running in direct opposition to multiculturalism, but it hasnât really caught on.
Justin Trudeau himself. His image as a woke, laid-back, yoga-doing Disney prince was a major draw last time around, but many people have soured on the whole thing, especially after all of those photos emerged of him doing blackface 20 years ago.
















