Oh great and wise Plaidadder: I know you have written in the past about the seemingly endless physical torture of Dana Scully in the later seasons of The X-Files. I feel like similar things happened in Series 3 and 4 of BBC's Sherlock with the titular character. Do you see a parallel, and if so, what factors do you feel contribute to the tendency of dramas to go back to this well so frequently?
Well. That is a large question. But I am here for it!
First, for those just joining us I assume youâre referring to âAn Open Letter to Vince Gilligan, Or, Get the Hell Away from Me With Your Scully Torture Porn,â my initial and somewhat visceral response to the season 8 X-Files episode âRoadrunners.â In it, I mention that several otherwise excellent Vince Gilligan episodes maneuver Scully into a position where she is unable to defend herself against sexual and/or sexualized violence (âSmall Potatoes,â âBad Blood,â âThree of a Kindâ) because sheâs impaired in some way (repsectively: alcohol, chloral hydrate, some kind of drug that interferes with cognitive function and turns Scully âinto a bimboâ). âRoadrunners,â instead, has Scully overpowered by mob violence, so what used to be a scenario with overtones of date rape now becomes a scenario with overtones of gang rape. My point is, that in Scullyâs case, I donât think you can separate this trope from rape culture, and indeed on rewatch I was struck by how often rape narratives manifest either explicitly or subtextually in X-Files episodes. There are, for instance, at least two episodes I can think of right now in which we are asked to sympathize with a villain who has raped women by having sex with them either while pretending to be someone else (Eddie Van Blundht in âSmall Potatoesâ) or while the victim is unconscious (âPost-Modern Prometheusâ). I also think that Scully may actually have been raped by the sheriff in âBad Blood,â though of course that is debatable.
Anyway, my point is that I think Scullyâs torture on The X-Files is often (though not always) focused through the almost entirely male writing teamâs fascination with her femininity and especially, for Chris Carter, with her fertility (something I would argue was cemented for him when he created the abduction arc to cover Gillian Andersonâs actual pregnancy-related absences in Season 2). So this makes it, to some extent, different from whatâs going on with Sherlock in the post-Reichenbach Sherlock. With the possible exception of some parts of âThe Abominable Brideâ (and then only if you go pretty deep into the Freudian reading), Sherlockâs torture is not about rape and of course it canât be about his pregnability, except of course in the Omegaverse.
However, the common denominator there, as in many texts that use protagonist torture (torturing the villain is sort of a separate case, if I get started on that I will be here all day), is vulnerability. One of the major narrative purposes for protagonist torture is to establish the magical blend of strength and vulnerability that people tend to find appealing in a protagonist. In the case of The X-Files, again, the unsavory âwe must prove that Scully, while smart and competent, is nevertheless still a âreal womanâ by making her vulnerable to male predationâ narrative is always lurking beneath (in, for instance, âIrresistible,â âDonât Look Any Further,â âMilagroâ). But in the case of Sherlock, you do have a version of that unsavory narrative, which is, âwe must prove that Sherlock, while highly intelligent and socially awkward, is nevertheless a âreal human.ââ
Protagonist torture can also be used for other purposes: 1) to justify or explain a bad thing the protagonist is doing/will do as a result of being tortured; 2) to externalize the protagonistâs struggle with his/her inner demons; 3) to establish how evil the villains are; 4) to generate sympathy or provide a redemptive narrative for a character who has Failed or Sinned or Been Weak; 5) to increase the viewerâs distress and anxiety, thereby making the show more compelling 6) to stimulate the viewerâs sensory responses, thereby making the show more compelling.
Some observations on protagonist torture in Sherlock:
* John and Sherlock both go through their share of torment, but for John, itâs almost always psychological, as in âHounds of Baskerville.â Itâs striking that in all the pre-Reichenbach situations where John is put in peril, we never actually SEE the villains subduing John physicallyâsomething which certainly must have happened, but is never shown, in âBlind Bankerâ (John gets the door thinking itâs the Chinese foodâŠthen he and Sarah are tied up in an underground tunnel) and âGreat Gameâ (where John suddenly appears wearing a bomb that Moriarty has strapped to him, without any explanation of when or why or how that happened). Post-Reichenbach we do see how he gets into his predicaments but it always involves a nearly-painlessly administered tranquilizer of some kind (âThe Empty Hearse,â âThe Final Problemâ). Except during free-for-all fight scenes, such as in âBlind Banker,â John never gets physically brutalized on screen.
* Sherlock, on the other hand, endures a lot of on-screen physical violence. Heâs nearly killed in the flat in âBlind Bankerâ (while John rants at him obliviously from outside). John punches him several times in âScandal in Bohemia,â in which Irene Adler also beats him pretty viciously with a riding crop. At the beginning of âEmpty Hearse,â we (and Mycroft) watch him being beaten severely in a Serbian prison. He is slapped by Molly and then of course SHOT IN THE CHEST by Mary in âHis Last Vow,â then kicked around pretty hard by Ajay in the pool fight in âThe Six Thatchers,â and then beaten to a pulp by John in âThe Lying Detective.â Now some of this is probably because Sherlock is the detective and he draws a lot of adversary violence, and probably because Cumberbatch at this point has a lot of action movie skills and is more credible in combat scenes. But that doesnât explain all of this.
* Interestingly, the two episodes built around Sherlockâs psychological tortureâ âThe Reichenbach Fallâ and âThe Final Problemââare the two that are most âhumanizingâ in that they show him expressing genuine, intense, uncontrollable emotions, including fear.Â
The conclusion would seem to be that Moffat and Gatiss beat up on Sherlock more than they do on John, and that they do it because it is in some way satisfying to them, or because they think itâs satisfying to the viewers. âScandal in Belgraviaâ is very telling that way, in that both John and Lestrade confess to a chronic, barely suppressed urge to âpunch [Sherlock] in the face.â Moffat, at least, seems to imagine that any man who has to deal with Sherlock for any length of time will want very badly to beat him up. For Moffat I think this is about masculine competition; he assumes most men will be so angry at not being the smartest and bossest guy in the room that it will give them the urge to attack the alpha dog. And in fact, the other men in Sherlock do seem to enjoy hazing him, insulting him, and generally dicking Sherlock around. Thereâs the unauthorized search of 221B in âStudy in Pink,â Lestrade filming Sherlock while heâs on Irene Adlerâs crazyballs drugs in âScandal in Belgraviaâ (and no doubt putting it on YouTube), all the razzing about him not knowing about the solar system, and so on. All of the male-male relationships involving Sherlock have an antagonistic streak, including and especially (and especially in series 3-4) his relationship with John, which occasionally becomes violent.Â
Torturing the protagonist is a reliable way of generating intense emotions in the viewers. The fact that these emotions are often intensely negative doesnât matter in terms of how powerful the viewing experience is. Humans enjoy stimulation, even when itâs horrifying. This is why horror is a genre; itâs why âChain of Commandâ and âPlatoâs Stepchildrenâ are Star Trek fan favorites; itâs why hurt/comfort and whump exist.Â
But that doesnât explain why, when itâs time for an actual beating, itâs always Sherlock and never John. What does explain that? I can see numerous possibilities, but I have to go to lunch, so I will be forced to leave this here for now.