Hi! Today I will be talking about the geography of Japan. Let’s get started!
Japan is considered an archipelago, which is a cluster of islands. It covers a land area of 377,930 square kilometres. Its capital is Tokyo, the most populated city with a population of roughly 37,135,000 people. The country has four main islands where most of its population resides:
In addition to these four large islands, there are over 4000 other smaller islands! The island nation lies between the North Pacific Ocean and the Sea of Japan. Neighbouring Japan are Siberian Russia (north), China (south), and North and South Korea (south).
Japan is a very mountainous country- in fact ⅘ of the country is mountain. Japan’s major mountain range, the Japanese Alps, runs down the centre of 本州 (Honshu). Its highest peak, Mount Fuji, measures a whopping 3,776 metres. Mount Fuji is considered an active volcano, however, it has remained dormant since its last eruption in 1707. Mount Fuji is only one of 200 volcanoes in Japan, 60 of which are considered active. Japan also is considered very earthquake prone, as three of Earth’s tectonic plates meet nearby and often move against each other. This causes over 1,000 earthquakes each year.
Japan has eight regions; 北海道 (Hokkaido), 東北 (Tohoku), 関東 (Kanto), 中部 (Chubu), 関西 (Kansai), 中国 (Chugoku), 四国 (Shikoku), 九州‐沖縄 (Kyushu-Okinawa). Within these regions, Japan is divided into 47 prefectures; 43 proper prefectures, 2 urban prefectures, a circuit, and a metropolis. While the idea of 47 prefectures to remember seems daunting at first, it becomes a lot easier if you just memorise the exceptions (urban, circuit, and metropolis). The prefectures are written and said in a certain format:
Metropolis Prefecture: PLACE + 都 (to) → 東京 (Tokyo)
Circuit Prefecture: PLACE → 北海道 (Hokkaido)
Urban Prefectures: PLACE + 府 (fu) → 大阪 (Osaka), 京都 (Kyoto)
Proper Prefectures: PLACE + 県 (ken) → everything else
The prefectures that are in each region:
Tohoku; 1) Aomori, 2) Iwate, 3) Miyagi, 4) Akita, 5) Yamagata, 6) Fukushima
Kanto; 1) Ibaraki, 2) Tochigi, 3) Gunma, 4) Saitama, 5) Chiba, 6) Tokyo, 7) Kanagawa
Chubu; 1) Niigata, 2) Toyama, 3) Ishikawa, 4) Fukui, 5) Yamanashi, 6) Nagano, 7) Gifu, 8) Shizuoka, 9) Aichi
Kansai; 1) Mie, 2) Shiga, 3) Kyoto, 4) Osaka, 5) Hyogo, 6) Nara, 7) Wakayama
Chugoku; 1) Tottori, 2) Shimane, 3) Okayama, 4) Hiroshima, 5) Yamaguchi
Shikoku; 1) Tokushima, 2) Kagawa, 3) Ehime, 4) Kochi
Kyushu-Okinawa; 1) Fukuoka, 2) Saga, 3) Nagasaki, 4) Kumamoto, 5) Oita, 6) Miyazaki, 7) Kagoshima, 8) Okinawa