my annotation...

A 23yr old medical student complains about lack of sleep, fatigue and agnosiophobia. She is states that this started one and half year ago when she started medical school. She tried many things but nothing really makes it better and in fact she complains of increasing agnosiophobia with time. She seems well groomed and worried about her illness

[thelifeofamedstudent]

Summary of the Endocrine system for the MCAT 

[battle-with-bipolar]

[catzjunky]

fight stigma with knowledge 

[nickthepigeon]

im really glad this post has something about dysthymia because you don’t usually see people talking about that. i’d like to really stress on this and just say that dysthymia is chronically as in like your hormones are super fucked up and this is something that you can never “come up” from. with depression, it comes in waves. Dysthymia is kind of a forever “bleh” feeling, and often comes along with social anxiety, introversion, and panic disorders.

[medxclusive]

[viyahshaadinikkah]

[docinlimbo]

Be professional, dress nicely, sit up straight, keep your speech appropriate. From the minute they see you and know that you’re their doctor, they’re watching. You will be judged.   Never forget it.

An Otolaryngologist (via diarymdstudent)

[whispers-x]

[miss-sassmaster]

Medicine is unlike any other profession because we work with life. We strive to understand what we haven’t created, what we don’t understand. You can’t take apart a person, put them back together and have them to work exactly as they did before. Yet that’s exactly what we’re expected to do. That’s what makes those in medicine a very special breed.

NOM week speaker  (via miss-sassmaster)

[medicowesome]

Evaluating axis from ECG (Mnemonic)

Hi everyone! We are going to learn how to determine the axis from an electrocardiogram =D

First of all, do you know which two leads should be looked at to determine whether axis is in the normal quadrant or if it is Left Axis Deviation (LAD) or Right Axis Deviation (RAD)?

Look at lead I and lead II. Sounds simple! ^__^

An upright (positive) QRS in leads I and II is normal (–30 degrees to +105 degrees). In left-axis deviation, there is an upright QRS in lead I and a downward (negative) QRS in lead II ( +105 degrees).

How do I remember this? @_@

Thumbs up method: Lead I = Left thumb, Lead II = Right thumb.

Wait, why lead I is left thumb and lead II is the right thumb? Because left is a smaller word and it gets the smaller number, that is, one! Right has more alphabets and it gets the bigger number, that is, two.

Left thumb up (I) + Right thumb up (II) = Normal. Left thumb up (I) + Right thumb down (II) = LAD. Left thumb down (I) + Right thumb up (II) = RAD.

Mnemonic method: Left leaves, right returns.

That’s all! Have a splendid week everyone

[paramedicschool]

Heart block poem

[medicowesome]

Aortic arch derivatives mnemonic images  -HD images here

I made these diagrams guessing these will be helpful ^__^

The greater part of the first and second artery disappear. In adult life first arch artery is represented by the maxillary artery and the second arch persists for some part of fetal life as the stapedial artery. The mnemonic people use for that is, “First is max" & "Second is Stapedial" =)

Mnemonic for third arch artery: ”C for Carotid, C the third letter of the alphabet.” The third arch artery gives off a bud that grows cranially to form the external carotid artery. The internal carotid artery is derived from the distal part of the third arch artery and cranial most part of the dorsal aorta. The brachiocephalic trunk is formed by the right horn of the aortic sac.

Mnemonic for fourth arch artery: "fOUR rhymes with AOR for Aorta. fouRS for Right Subclavian.” The ascending aorta is formed from the truncus arteriosus. The arch of aorta is derived from the vental part of the aortic sac, it’s left horn and the left fourth arch artery.

Mnemonic for sixth arch artery: Well, this is lame but the letter 6 looks like lungs to me =D Pulmonary trunk is derived from truncus arteriosus.

Mnemonic for subclavian artery: "7 is S." Seventh InterSegmental Subclavian! The right subclavian artery is derived from the right fourth arch artery and right seventh cervical intersegmental artery. On the left side, the subclavian is derived entirely from the seventh cervical intersegmental artery. That’s all! Hope you had fun learning ^__^ -IkaN

[medicowesome]

Throwback Thursday!

[tachycardic-tendencies]

I’m going to go out on a ledge and say that acid-base is worse than Neuro, tbh.

[modernathenamd]

Oh believe me, it is. I hate nothing with the flaming passionate hate with which I hate acid-base. And I despise Neuro, so that’s saying something.

[agreekdoctor]

Acid-base chemistry still gives me fits.

I can talk for hours about diabetes and the details of insulin, glucagon, DPP-4, and incretins, but the kidneys? BLACK BOXES.

(Besides, that’s what nephrologists are for) :P

[copingnurse-deactivated20240217]

Opening line for patient education...

[medicowesome]

How to remember lipoprotein disorders

Hello everyone! Click here to read about Lipoproteins and apoproteins if you need a quick revision before we get started :) In this blog post, I’ll be talking about lipoprotein disorders, how to remember them and some facts that you need to know about the disorders.

Type I hyperlipoproteinemia Chylomicrons increased in childhood. VLDL increased later in life. Lab findings: Increase in serum triglycerides. Why? CPL (Capillary lipprotein lipase) hydrolyzes triglycerides in lipoproteins. It requires apo-CII as a co-factor. Clinical findings: Acute pancreatitis (Pancreatic vessels filled with chylomicrons rupture), eruptive xanthomas.

Type II hyperlipoproteinemia Serum LDL is increased. Lab findings: In IIa, only cholesterol is increased. Why? Liver cholesterol synthesis is deprived of negative feedback. In IIb, cholesterol and triglycerides are increased. Why? Liver overproduces VLDL in IIb Acquired causes: Primary hypothyroidism, nephrotic syndrome, extrahepatic cholestasis. Clinical findings: Tendon xanthomas, Xanthelasma, premature coronary artery disease and stroke.

Type III hyperlipoproteinemia This dysbetalipoproteinemia is also known as “remnant disease”. Lab findings: Elevation in cholesterol and triglyceride levels. Why? Apo E is required to remove chylomicron remnants and IDL (remnant of VLDL). Clinical findings: Palmar xanthomas, increased risk for coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease.

Type IV hyperlipoproteinemia Increase in VLDL. Lab findings: TG accumulates in preference to cholesterol, like IIb. Acquired causes: Excess alcohol, OCPs, Diabetes mellitus, chronic renal failure, thiazides, beta blockers. Clinical findings: Eruptive xanthomas, increased risk for coronary artery and peripheral vascular disease.

Type V hyperlipoproteinemia

Increase in chVlomicrons and VLDL.

It is a mixture of types I and IV familial dyslipidemias.

Lab findings: TG levels are high, whereas cholesterol concentration increases only moderately.

Clinical findings: Like type I, but unlike type IV, there is no major risk of atherosclerosis, so that pancreatitis and eruptive xanthomas remain the main complications.

For the sake of completion, I’d like to add another disease - Tangier disease is due to lack of ABC1 cholesterol transporter gene. Cholesterol accumulates inside cells. Blood HDL and cholesterol are low. The disease is characterized by atherosclerosis, hepatosplenomegaly, polyneuropathy and orange tonsils. *phew* That’s all! Like I always say, if you stare at a word long enough, you find the mnemonic in the word itself :P I made these myself, hope you find them helpful ^__^ Happy Indian Independence Day :) -IkaN

[medicowesome]

Throwback Thursday!

[medicowesome]

Heberden nodes and Bouchard nodes mnemonic!

[jewsee-medicalstudent]

Tetralogy of Fallot.

Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect which is classically understood to involve abnormalities of the heart. It is the most common cyanotic heart defect, and the most common cause of blue baby syndrome.

As such, by definition, it involves four heart malformations which present together:

Pulmonary Infundibular Stenosis: A narrowing of the right ventricular outflow tract. It can occur at the pulmonary valve (valvular stenosis) or just below the pulmonary valve (infundibular stenosis).

Overriding aorta: Aorta is situated above the ventricular septal defect and connected to both the right and the left ventricle.

Ventricular septal defect (VSD): A hole between the two bottom chambers (ventricles) of the heart.

Right ventricular hypertrophy: The right ventricle is more muscular than normal, causing a characteristic boot-shaped (coeur-en-sabot) appearance as seen by chest X-ray. 

Signs and symptoms: Tetralogy of Fallot results in low oxygenation of blood due to the mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood in the left ventricle via the ventricular septal defect (VSD) and preferential flow of the mixed blood from both ventricles through the aorta because of the obstruction to flow through the pulmonary valve. This is known as a right-to-left shunt. The primary symptom is low blood oxygen saturation with or without cyanosis from birth or developing in the first year of life. Other symptoms include a heart murmur which may range from almost imperceptible to very loud, difficulty in feeding, failure to gain weight, retarded growth and physical development, dyspnea on exertion, clubbing of the fingers and toes, and polycythemia. Digital clubbing or watch-glass nails with cyanotic nail beds is common in adults with tetralogy of Fallot (2nd picture).

[thefuturern]

...with some exceptions, of course

caine= local anesthetics cillin= antibiotics dine= anti-ulcer agents done= opiod analgesics ide= oral hypoglycemics iam= antianxiety agents micin= antibiotics nium= neuromuscular blocking agents olol= beta blockers ole= anti-fungal oxacin= antibiotics pam= antianxiety agents pril= ace inhibitors sone= steroids statin= antihyperlipidemics vir= antivirals zide= diuretics

[brilmans]

Oude boeken van vader (1)

Onlangs kreeg ik van mijn vader een tweetal prachtige boeken. Plaatjesboeken zoals ik die vroeger zou hebben genoemd. Boeken waarin de afbeeldingen zo sterk tot de verbeelding spreken dat de tekst net zo goed kan worden overgeslagen. Als ontluikende dyslecticus was ik er voor mijn leesplezier op aangewezen. Uren bracht ik in dat soort boeken door. Gewoon een beetje kijken. Van het bestaan van deze boeken wist ik toen overigens nog niets. Die had vader goed verstopt.

Ondertussen heb ik de boeken en heeft mijn nieuwsgierigheid het gewonnen van de onkunde, ik lees tegenwoordig  wat er tussen de afbeeldingen door staat geschreven, toch waag ik me er in dit geval niet aan. Een van de boeken is namelijk in het Frans -niet mijn ding- en bij de ander laat de staat van het boek het niet toe. Lezen in ‘Het Menschelijke Lichaam’ maakt meer kapot dan me lief is. Met deze staat van ontbinding is een keer doorbladeren al meer dan genoeg.

Wat er in de boeken staat geschreven, kan ik u dus niet schrijven, dat blijft gissen. Gelukkig spreken de afbeeldingen boekdelen. 

Vandaag de afbeeldingen uit:

Het Menschelijke Lichaam Door: Dr. L. S. Meijer \ Naar Frey’s Atlas Der Anatomie Des Menschen \ W. J. Thiemen & Cie - Zutphen

Veel plezier!