Womenâs History Month - Sofya Parnok
Sofya Parnok was born in Taganrog, Russia, on July 3rd 1885, to a highly educated Jewish family. Her first surviving poem, written around age 15 about her weekly dance class, already shows her attraction to other girls in the class.
Sofya had her first lesbian relationship the following year, but in her twenties, pressure from her family and a desire for increased independence from her father led her to marry friend and fellow poet Vladimir Volkenshtein, who was aware of her sexuality. While they shared a love of poetry, music, and writing, the marriage didnât last, and after just a year, Sofya sought a divorce.
Around this time she met Iraida Albrecht, who was the daughter of a wealthy Moscow socialite. The two women began a relationship, and moved in together very quickly, with Sofya writing âIâm renting a whole apartment, have even acquired some furniture, and now, as a result of luxury far beyond my means, Iâm a stay-at-home in Kolokolnikov Lane with my girlfriend and a monkeyâŚâ
After Vladimir, Sofya had many relationships with women, beginning with socialite Iraide Albrecht, wtih whom she shared an apartment, and a pet monkey. Others included with fellow poet Marina Tsvetaeva; actress Lyudmila Erarskaya; opera singer Maria Maksakova; mathematician Olga Tsuberbiller; and physicist Nina Vedeneyeva. These relationships often overlapped, with Sofyaâs partners being aware of one another, and sometimes even good friends.
Sofyaâs poetry explores her Russian, Jewish, and lesbian identities. In 1915, she published her first collection, Poems, which included perhaps the first openly lesbian writing published in Russia, leading to her modern epithet âRussiaâs Sapphoâ. Sofya drew inspiration from Sappho, and often used fragments of Sapphoâs poems in her work. Sofya continued writing poetry up until her death. Her final poem was a farewell to Nina.
Sofya passed away on August 26th, 1933, with Nina and Olga by her side.
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[Images: Sofya in the later 1920s; Sofya and Olga; Sofya and Lyudmila]