Babur and his army emerge from the Khwaja Didar Fort during his war with his nemesis, Shaybani Khan, from a Bāburnāma manuscript, c. 1590.
British Museum (ID: 2000,0616,0.1)
Babur is depicted mounted on a fully armoured horse, leading his cavalry as they ride out from the fortress of Khwaja Didar, where he had spent the winter of 1497. Behind him, a drummer sits astride a camel, while another attendant leans forward to shade Babur with a parasol. In the left foreground, broken arrows signal that the engagement with Shaybani Khan and the Uzbek forces is already underway. The fort is encircled by red brick walls and crenellated ramparts, and within its precincts stand a domed tomb, along with assorted buildings, pavilions, and canopies. This scene forms the left-hand page of a double-page composition; the right-hand page depicts Shaybani Khan and his Uzbeks being driven back toward Samarkand, now also in the British Museum’s collection.
The Bāburnāma, also known as the Tuzk-e Babri, is the name given to the memoirs of Ẓahīr ud-Dīn Muḥammad, known as Babur (1483–1530), founder of the Mughal Empire and a great-great-great-grandson of Tamerlane.
It is an autobiographical work written in Chagatai, a language Babur referred to as turki (meaning Turkic) and spoken by the Andijan-Timurids. Babur’s prose is heavily Persianized in sentence structure, syntax, and vocabulary, and also includes numerous short phrases and poems in Persian. During the reign of the emperor Akbar, the work was translated in its entirety into Persian by the Mughal courtier Abdur Rahim in 998 AH (1589–1590). The work can easily be regarded as one of the greatest autobiographies ever written, sublime in its linguistic elegance, and endlessly entertaining with its numerous stories, filled with wit and a remarkable level of self-awareness.