#cognitive approach

[adrenalinexoxo]

Actually started revising.... Who knew the cognitive approach was so hard :(

[hangulstudies-blog]

Restarting my 100 days of productivity challenge with my bb @eritraen because I've been so unproductive lately and my mocks are in a few days... 1/100 days of productivity 17/02/16 The cognitive approach to psychology

[hewettpsychology]

Cue-Dependency Theory of Forgetting

Proposed by Tulving in ‘75, the theory applies to long-term memory (LTM), not short-term. Basically, the idea is that forgetting occurs when the correct cues are not available for memory retrieval, therefore suggesting that memory is dependent on cues being present and that forgetting occurs when this is not possible. 

Tulving had the idea that there are two events necessary for recall:

- memory trace - information which is already there and retained in a store as a result of the original perception of an event. 

- retrieval cue - information present in the individual’s cognitive environment at the time of retrieval which matches at the time of recall. For example, a physical or emotional state, an environment, a sound, etc. 

----> context-dependent cue - the situation or context is different from that at encoding.

----> state-dependent cue  - the person’s state or mood is different from that at encoding.

Tulving says “we remember an event if it has left behind a trace and if something reminds us of it”, and describes forgetting as “the inability to recall something now that could be recalled on an earlier occasion.” 

[valsmovingcastle]

Hey so this might be a shot in the dark but I'm desperate and running out of time; I have a research paper on dreams due two days from now (Thursday) in which I am arguing that the cognitive approach to dreams is the most accurate theory. I am required to describe the studies/experiments/etc of four other researchers who support the same thesis. I have information in Calvin Hall, but info on other scientists' and psychologists' research is scarce. Please, if anyone would happen to know of any websites in which I could find information on studies supporting cognitive approach, I would appreciate if you could let me know.

[as-psyc2-blog]

Cognitive Approach (Model + Evaluation)

Abnormality is caused by faulty/irrational thinking; Expectations and attitudes direct behaviour.

A-B-C Model (Ellis)

A - activating event - an event we may encounter

B - belief - what an individual believes is the truth about the event (may be rational or irrational)

C - consequence - feelings experience as a result of the beliefs associatied with the event. (rational beliefs lead to healthy emotions and irrational ones don't)

Evaluation

Weaknesses:

Blames the patient - it suggests that the patient is the one responsible and overlooks situational factors/stressors. Research on stress suggests that complete recovery must target the sources of stress on ones life.

It isn't clear whether consequence or cause comes first. Do maladaptive thoughts cause mental disorder OR does a mental disorder cause negative thinking

Not all irrational beliefs are unrealistic, they could be based on an accurate perspective of reality.

^ Alloy and Abrahmson suggest depressives have a more realistic view of the world than non-repressives. From their experiment, they found depressed people gave a more accurate estimate of the likilihood of a disaster than the normal people. This is known as the 'sadder but wiser' effect 

[150journal-japlos]

The Cognitive Approach: the approach that taught me to change the way I view things. Look at the bright side all the time to live a happy life.

(Photo not mine)

[150journal-japlos]

My Possible Self

Burger defined Possible Self as a cognitive representation of the kind of person we might become someday, including roles and occupations we aspire to. He also said that our possible self includes the attributes we think we might posses in the future. 

So, what is my possible self? 

I think someday, I could be a great lawyer who is also a a great dancer and a great mother. I believe I'll also be a hardworking person. I will be dedicated to my work but I will definitely not forget about my family. Aside from being a great mother and a lawyer, I will also have some time to dance because I've always wanted to be a great dancer. 

But how can my possible self affect me today?

Burger mentioned that out possible selves have two important functions: they provide incentives for future behavior and help us interpret the meaning of our behavior and the events in our lives.

My possible self motivates me to strive in school and never give up (even if there are days that I badly want to already). Keeping in mind what I could be someday if I work hard is enough to keep me going. When I get low grades, though, I get depressed and start having thoughts like 'maybe I'm not meant to be a lawyer' or 'maybe this course isn't for me.' Luckily, I get to put these things aside because there are other things that make me believe that I am in the right path.

[150journal-japlos]

This part of the book that was under the cognitive approach caught my attention while I was reading. I just recently broke up with my boyfriend that I have liked for 3 years when I read it, so seeing this as an example made the cognitive approach relatable and easier to understand.

In addition to this, it somehow also made me feel a little better. It helped me calm down and clear my mind. It made me realize that it wasn't the end of the world for me, and that I'd meet someone better, someone who I'll love more. The words written were exactly what I needed to hear.

The cognitive approach made me realize that I could make my days, weeks, years and even my world better by just changing how I view things. Instead of focusing on the bad things that happen to me, I should just always remember the things that I should be thankful for.