The Hawaiian Hoary Bat: Five Amazing Facts
Article by Aaron Ochoa, a public affairs officer with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Pacific Region.
Ready to get batty for National Bat Appreciation Day? Today, April 17th, join bat enthusiasts from around the world and learn more about nature’s amazing little fliers. Bats are enigmatic, cryptic and contribute in fascinating ways to the overall health of an ecosystem.
Meet Hawaii’s only endemic land mammal, the Hawaiian hoary bat. The endangered ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a, Hawaiian hoary bat, is a Hawaiian treasure. As life on the Hawaiian Islands evolved in geographical isolation, so did the ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a.
While not the easiest to see, you can find bats in nearly every environment in the United States. Bats are an evolutionary wonder as this land mammal takes flight and leaves its land bound mammal cousins on the ground. With over 1,300 species, bats come in a variety of shapes and sizes. However, Hawaii has the distinction of being home to one of only three subspecies of bats.
Here are amazing five facts about ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a that are truly intriguing!
Photo courtesy of Brett Amy Thelen/Aschuelot Valley Environment/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
1. How far is far. The Hawaiian archipelago contains some of the most captivating scenic wonders on the planet. These lush landscapes are home to thousands of species of insects, plants and wildlife. However, in an island of plenty, only two mammals are endemic to Hawaii.
The ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a is one of only two Hawaiian evolutionary endemic mammal inhabitants – the 'Ilio holo I ka uaua, Hawaiian monk seal, is the second. Which makes sense if your home is 3,600 kilometers away from the nearest continent. The Hawaiian island chain is one of the most remote islands in the world.
Photo: Unlike there mainland counterparts, ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a prefer to roost in the trees of the Hawaiian Islands forest. Photo courtesy of Forest and Kim Starr/CC BY 2.0
2. Good things come in pairs. Every summer sees the possibility of ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a pups making their first appearance into the world. ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a breed during the summer months and when they give birth, they do so in pairs. Female ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a, like their North American mainland cousins, give birth to twin pups. Just because being a mother twins isn’t enough they also do so upside down.
Photo: The hoary in Hoary Bat refers to the frost of white hair that highlights its body. Photo courtesy of Nessie Grace/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
3. Best bug zapper out there. Bats are incredible acrobatic insect eating machines. The ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a can eat as much as 40% of it body weight in bugs. They dart through the air – dining and dashing – eating moths, beetles, crickets, mosquitoes, and termites.
Photo: The average wingspan of the ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a is approximately one foot in length. Photo courtesy of Michael Pennay/CC BY-NC-ND 2.0
4. Here before humans. As more research into the origins of the ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a continues, scientists have determined two possible periods of bat migration to the Hawaiian archipelago. The more ancient migration may have occurred approximately 10,000 years ago and the second migration being more recent, 800 years ago.
Photo: The ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a is smaller, approximately 30% to 45%, than hoary bats in Northern and South America. Photo credit: USFWS
5. A symbol of Hawaii. Since the migration of the ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a to Hawaii, they have been making the Hawaiian Islands a better place. Just as with their avian neighbors, bats help pollinate the forest. They keep the island insect populations in check. Bats like the ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a help maintain their habitats and in turn those habitats serve so many other species of wildlife. In 2015, to celebrate and honor the ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a, state lawmakers designated the ‘Ōpe‘ape‘a as the official state land mammal of Hawaii.
Learn more about the bats of the Pacific Islands:
‘Ōpe‘ape‘a - Hawaiian hoary bat
Fanihi - Mariana fruit bat
Pe'a and pe'a vao - Samoan flying fruit bat