Personality Disorder in the ICD-11
I tried to put the ICD-11 diagnostic guidelines of PD in a checklist instead of a text
Note: in the ICD-11, the concept of multiple distinctly defined PDs has been abolished. There is one personality disorder that is diagnosed with a specifier of severity. A specifier noting what traits are associated with the PD can also be used
A. Problems in one or both of the following areas:
Functioning of aspects of the self
Interpersonal functioning
B. The disturbance has persisted for at least two years
C. The disturbance is manifest in patterns of cognition, emotional experience, emotional expression, and behaviour that are maladaptive (e.g., inflexible or poorly regulated)
D. The disturbance is present across a range of personal and social situations
E. The patterns of behaviour characterizing the disturbance cannot be explained by normal development or by social or cultural factors, including socio-political conflict
F. The disturbance is associated with substantial distress or significant impairment in personal, family, social, educational, occupational or other important areas of functioning
1. Areas of functioning of aspects of the self include:
2. Areas of interpersonal functioning include:
ability to develop and maintain close and mutually satisfying relationships
ability to understand others’ perspectives and to manage conflict in relationships
Disturbances affect some areas of personality functioning but not others and may not be apparent in some contexts
There are problems in many interpersonal relationships and/or in performance of expected occupational and social roles, but some relationships are maintained and/or some roles carried out
Not likely to be associated with substantial harm to self or others
Distress and functional impairment are either limited to circumscribed areas or present in more areas but milder
Disturbances affect multiple areas of personality functioning though some areas may be less affected than others
There are marked problems in most interpersonal relationships and the performance of most expected social and occupational roles are compromised to some degree. Relationships are likely to be characterized by conflict, avoidance, withdrawal, or extreme dependency
May or may not be associated with harm to self or others
Marked functional impairment in many areas of life
Most, if not all areas of personality functioning are affected. There is severe impairment in both interpersonal functioning and functioning of aspects of the self
Problems in interpersonal functioning seriously affect virtually all relationships and the ability and willingness to perform expected social and occupational roles is absent or severely compromised
Likely to be associated with harm to self or others
Functional impairment is severe and present in all or nearly all areas of life
None of these traits are inherently maladaptive. They're only a disorder if they're diagnosed as a specifier to personality disorder. Most can also be part of a diagnosis of a personality difficulty.
The disturbance is characterized by a tendency to experience a broad range of negative emotions
Common manifestations include:
experiencing a broad range of negative emotions with a frequency and intensity out of proportion to the situation
emotional lability and poor emotion regulation
low self-esteem and self-confidence
(Compare: Dependent PD, Avoidant PD)
The disturbance is characterized by a tendency to maintain interpersonal and emotional distance
Common manifestations include:
avoidance of social interactions
limited emotional expression and experience
Disturbance is characterized by a disregard for the rights and feelings of others, encompassing both self-centeredness and lack of empathy
Common manifestations of include:
expectation of others’ admiration
positive or negative attention-seeking behaviours
concern with one's own needs, desires and comfort and not those of others
indifference to whether one’s actions inconvenience hurt others
being deceptive, manipulative, and exploitative of others, being mean and physically aggressive
callousness in response to others' suffering
ruthlessness in obtaining one’s goals
(Compare: Antisocial PD, Narcissistic PD)
Disturbance is characterized by a tendency to act rashly based on immediate external or internal stimuli, without consideration of potential negative consequences
Common manifestations include:
impulsivity, distractibility, irresponsibility, recklessness, lack of planning
The disturbance is characterized by a narrow focus on one’s rigid standard of perfection and of right and wrong, and by controlling one’s own and others’ behaviour and controlling situations to ensure conformity to these standards
Common manifestations include:
concern with social rules, obligations, and norms of right and wrong, scrupulous attention to detail, rigid, systematic, day-to-day routines, hyper-scheduling and planfulness, emphasis on organization, orderliness, and neatness, rigid control over emotional expression, stubbornness and inflexibility, risk-avoidance, perseveration, and deliberativeness
(Compare: Obsessive-Compulsive PD)
Personality Disorder is characterized by a pervasive pattern of instability of interpersonal relationships, self-image, and affects, and marked impulsivity, as indicated by many of the following:
frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment, a pattern of unstable and intense interpersonal relationships, identity disturbance, manifested in markedly and persistently unstable self-image or sense of self, a tendency to act rashly in states of high negative affect, leading to potentially self-damaging behaviours, recurrent episodes of self-harm, emotional instability due to marked reactivity of mood, chronic feelings of emptiness, Inappropriate intense anger or difficulty controlling anger, transient dissociative symptoms or psychotic-like features in situations of high affective arousal
(Tumblr didn't allow me more paragraphs so I had to improvise with colors; purple seemed like the easiest to read)
