Umer Irfan

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Iron and Aluminium

Salaam (May God Bless You). The iron and aluminium are two of the most important metals used today. Iron is produced in factories inside a blast furnace. The furnace has various pipes leading to it which are called tuyeres, these emit hot air in to raise the temperature. The hot air goes out through the pipes on the top of the furnace leading out. The upper hole of the furnace is where the…

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Periodic Table

Salaam (May God Bless You). Did you knew that many of the elements in the periodic table have the atomic symbols abbreviated to their names but some have atomic symbols which are totally different. This is because these elements were given the atomic symbols according to their Latin names. Elements are generally supposed to have their atomic symbol to be abbreviated to their first alphabet in…

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Metals

Salaam (May God Bless You). Metals are materials which are found on the Earth’s surface which is a very valuable material. Metals are sorted in to the transition elements of the periodic table and the Group I and Group II metals. The Group I and II metals are soft and are easily broken but the transition elements are very hard and ductile. They can be beaten into thin sheets. The atomic structure…

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Ammonia and Sulphur

Salaam (May God Bless You). Ammonia and sulphur are two one of the most important materials found on the earth and are produced and used worldwide. Ammonia is important due to the amount of nitrogen it contains which is precious for crops that provide food to the growing human population. Sulphur is a material used for various processes such as it is used as the electrolyte in a car battery.…

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Alcohols and Carboxylic Acid

Alcohols and Carboxylic Acid

Alcohols Salam (May God Bless You). Alcohols are mostly known as beverages across the globe but in science they make a part of the homologous series. The alcohols have the functional group of -OH, this is called the hydroxyle group. The general formula of an alcohol is CnH2n+1OH. The number of carbon atoms depends upon the prefix used such meth which has 1 carbon atom in it. The suffix used will…

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The Nuclear Atom

Salaam (May God Bless You). The nuclear atoms, the radioactive isotopes, have a radioactive nuclide which slowly loses mass to form gamma radiation. Many other types of radiation are emitted by various materials. In case of an alpha particle emitter, the isotope mass loses its protons and neutrons to form a helium nucleus. The orginal element would lose 4 nucleon number and 2 proton numbers.…

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The Discovery of Subatomic Particles

The Discovery of Subatomic Particles

Salaam (May God Bless You). Elements are made of atoms which are made of three more subatomic particles which are known as proton, neutron and electron. The word atom is from a Greek word ‘atoms’ which means indivisible. It was proposed by the Greek philosopher, Democritus. He proposed that objects were made by atoms which could not be physically separated. His theory was based on reason and…

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Radioactivity

Salaam (May God Bless You). Radioactivity is the coversion of small amount of masses into energy. The radioactivity was first discovered by a French scientist, Henri Bequerel in 1896. He was experimenting with a mineral which glew in the dark. He wrapped a black paper around the mineral rock and placed it on plate in a drawer. After 24 hours, he checked the mineral and found that there was a mist…

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Organic Chemistry

Salaam (May God Bless You). Organic chemistry is the study of organic compounds found and produced around the globe. We divide the study of such materials into special groups called homologous series. The series and the study of such materials revolves around the hydrocarbons, consisting of the two elemants hydrogen and carbon. Two homologous series will be contained with in the context of this…

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Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids, Bases and Salts

Acids Acids are known for being corrosive and sour but in truth acids are defined due to their tendency for relieving hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution. There are two types of acids, organic acids and inorganic/ mineral acids. Organic acids are found in plants and animals and are helpful rather than being harmful in most cases. Organ acids are more commonly found in the fruits we eat. The…

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Practical Electricity

Salam (May God Bless You). Todays article is Practical Electricity. It will feature information about electrical components which we observe in our daily lives but sometimes just ignore it because we lack the knowledge of the importance of such components. Direct and Alternate currents In smaller circuits we use batteries and cells to provide with sufficient amount of energy, these sources of…

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DC Circuits

Salam (May God Bless You). This article is about drawing circuits in their symbolical form. Since drawing original shapes of the component is very difficult we use symbols to represent the actual electronic components. This is useful as these ssymbols are understood universally and are easier and quicker to draw. Connecting In Series and Parallel Electrical components such as bulbs are connected…

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DC Circuits

Salam (May God Bless You). This article is about drawing circuits in their symbolical form. Since drawing original shapes of the component is very difficult we use symbols to represent the actual electronic components. This is useful as these ssymbols are understood universally and are easier and quicker to draw. Connecting In Series and Parallel Electrical components such as bulbs are connected…

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Electronic Circuits

Current When electrons are pumped across a circuit, a charge is produced. The charge is given the unit of coloumbs. The movement of the charge per second is called current. It is measure in Amperes or amps (A) and is measure by an Ammeter. To find the amount of current passing through a circuit we use the equation: I = Q/t I is for current, Q is for coloumbs of charge, and t is for the amount of…

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Redox Reactions

Salam (May God Bless You). There are some reactions called oxidation, in which substances gain electrons, these substances also may gain oxygen or lose hydrogen atoms which is why the reactions are known as oxidation. Other reactions are known as reduction, the substances involved in such processes gain electrons, they may also lose oxygen atoms or gain hydrogen atoms. These two reactions do not…

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Rate of Chemical Reactions

Salam (May God Bless you). Today I am writing about chemical reactions and the factors which affect them. Chemical reactions are ways in which useful materials and compounds are formed and these reactions are also used to observe the rate at which the chemical reaction occurs. Rate of Chemical reactions There are various chemical reactions. Some are so fast which occur so fast that they occur in…

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Static Electricity

Salam (May God Bless you). Static means standing still. In case of electricity we mean to say that electricity does not just pass on in a matter of moments through an object, like everyone believes, electricity can also be stored or built up in an object or more specifically an insulator. The reason for this is that most conductors are metal and metals have a sea of valence electrons in its…

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