Close--*a* woman. But it is a woman.
Gall wasp larvae grow inside galls like this--and they actually do have alternating generations, with one generation composed entirely of big (often wingless) females! They lay eggs through "virgin birth" (parthenogenesis) that yield smaller females and males, which do fly, and mate to make the next generation of asexual females. The two generation types come from two different kinds of galls, too!
So yes, if you see a big gall like that, there is a woman inside. (Only one per gall, though, not multiple.)
The tree is induced to grow the gall around the larva by the wasp's venom. By the way, this is what the larva and gall look like inside:
As you can see, the larva is in the very center, suspended by a matrix of fibers. Rather than just a worm chewing through a fruit, it's more like an embryo in a womb.
Image sources:
https://bugeric.blogspot.com/2011/11/wasp-wednesday-gall-wasps.html
https://wildmacro.com/
Interspecies pregnancy...
This is actually only true of some gall wasp species. Whether a gall has just one larva or multiple depends on the species (and generation)! As far as I can tell, the gall in this meme is the asexual generation of Amphibolips quercuspomiformis, the live-oak apple gall wasp, which does in fact contain multiple chambers with multiple developing larvae (source). Here's what the inside of a developing gall of this species looks like:
(image via Karlyn H. Lewis)
As you can see, there are multiple larvae inside.
It's an understandable confusion because there are some very similar galls that only have one chamber with a single larva inside. Even within the same genus, there are numerous other species whose galls only contain one larval chamber. The species you showed a cross-section of is Andricus vaccinifoliae, the Golden Oak Apple Gall Wasp.
The information about the sexual and asexual generations is accurate, although it's worth noting that not all gall wasps have this alternating of generations. And there are many species that we simply don't know enough about to know whether they have it or not. (There are so many undescribed gall wasp species.)
There's a huge variety of wasp galls! The images and diagrams you used are from references for a variety of different species. What's true of one isn't true of them all! Here's a few other closely related galls:
Amphibolips quercusjuglans, Acorn Plum Gall Wasp, via mamiles on inaturalist
Amphibolips confluenta, Spongy Oak Apple Gall Wasp, via Amber Leung on inaturalist
And that's just the same genus, with similar structured galls! Galls are crazy diverse, both inside and out. This is all just oak gall wasps, which are only the tribe Cynipini. The rest of Cynipidae contains other species which gall different plants besides oak (such as blackberries, rosinweed, and more). Meanwhile, numerous other families of wasps, mostly within Chalcidoidea, also make galls (and this evolved completely independently, numerous times). Aaaand then there's other insects that make galls, too... it's a beautiful world!
Lastly, if I'm going to be a little pedantic: even in single-chambered galls, there might be multiple women. Galls are often occupied by parasitoids (who always eat the gall-inducer) and inquilines (who live inside the gall to eat the plant tissue and take advantage of the shelter it provides, though they sometimes also eat the gall inducer while they're at it), which are often other tiny wasps! So, sometimes you'll end up with multiple wasps from a single gall, even if there was only one gall-inducer in there to start with. The joys of symbiosis <3
