Who am I and why can’t I control my feelings? “Internal Family Systems“ - IFS - and BPD
All my life I’ve felt like emotions were constantly hijacking my mind, pushing me in the background. And it turns out I wasn’t very far from the truth. IFS is a form of therapy - “Internal Family Systems” - which I’m surprised is not more prevalent. Any human being on the planet will have experienced ‘inner conflicts’, voices in your mind that argue with each other, make it hard for you to make decisions, and so forth. As borderline you will be very familiar with feeling contradictory emotions, love/hate, joy/fear, any combination that would essentially make you feel confused. Who am I when I have so many different feelings and thoughts? Well. IFS explains that these voices are not you - but they may be running your life.
The controversial idea underlying the theory behind IFS is that we are not just ‘one’ person - we are many. Consider these common emotional states: racing thoughts and trouble sleeping; feeling panicky and confused; feeling overwhelmingly angry and doing something that “wasn’t you”; losing it and hurting yourself in frustration - and so forth. We often speak about self defense mechanisms, denial, overwhelming emotion, anxiety, addictions, etc., but what do they mean? Imagine your entire mind split into an entire village - or family - of different personalities, or persons, all with their own goals, thoughts, feelings, and beliefs. Freud touched on the same idea when he theorized the Id, Ego and Superego - but IFS takes this to a whole other level. We are probably all familiar with the angel and devil sitting on each shoulder, both trying to persuade the person in question. It is not very far off, although as people we are much more complicated than that. This family of ‘subselves’ warn us, advise us, and even take over control. If these subselves have become especially vigilant and protective of us, they may be running our lives to the point our ‘True Self’ or ‘Authentic Self’ has been pushed into the background, and instead a ‘False Self’ - a collection of subselves - are in charge.
Our inner subselves can be grouped into 3 categories (according to Peter K. Gerlach), “Managers”, “Inner Children”, and “Guardians”. I’ll focus on guardians here, because for us with BPD, these are the core issue of our illness. Guardians are our inner SWAT team, and they’re adamantly determined to protect you against any harm. Guardians become especially fierce if they have registered any severe harm done to you in your past (trauma, eg. abandonment/rejection), and they will do everything in their power to make sure that harm does not repeat itself. Your mind can recruit any guardian against any perceived threat, (consider pickle-phobia, for example) that other people haven’t recruited due to other experiences. Though everyone with BPD is different, we all share specific over-all symptoms - meaning we all have very similar guardians protecting us against very similar things, such as abandonment.
I’ll try not to delve too much into details here, but just consider that for most people with BPD we have real or perceived inner wounds of abandonment. Several guardians are here recruited to protect us against re-abandonment, but due to the severity of the wounds, these guardians are hyper-active and hyper-aware. All your guardians are connected to inner ‘schemas’ which you have created throughout your life, inner convictions that you hold, even against what you may find rational. These schemas can hold beliefs about people, yourself, and how the world works, and they are generally very black and white. Your guardians draw on these many convictions (even opposing) and work to remind you of these so that you may avoid harm.
A very common issue for people with BPD is internal conflicts. Let me give an example of how guardians and schemas can come into play:
What often happens to me is I will start idealizing my partner, thinking he’s the best in the world, and dreaming away about him on a pink cloud. Then something switches - I start feeling compulsively jealous out of the blue, scanning his past, anything he’s said before, over-analyzing, and I feel a huge urge to push him away and run in the other direction. Yet as soon as I start pushing him away, I feel panicky and want to draw him closer. Suddenly I find myself feeling both, and I start hating myself fiercely. Why can’t I just get a grip, be logical? Surely, I know what an idiot I am, but I can’t just snap out of it. Why would someone date someone like me who is this fucked up? I’m such human waste, and I should just die. As you can see, there are a lot of active voices and feelings I seemingly have no control over.
Applying IFS can help separating the voices and finding out exactly what’s going on when the typical push-pull effect activates. This can be very hard in the heat of the moment, since in the example I stated I am what is referred to as ‘blended’. Subselves war with each other for the power of their host and take control, colliding in much confusing and paradoxical behavior. However, it IS possible to listen to these voices, even when ‘blended’. What may be happening in such moments is that these subselves are speaking FOR you - “I hate you, go away”, or “I would have been so lost without you”. Or when you sit and struggle to try and keep the anger in (another guardian attempting to control the other rampant guardians), you can, if you listen, hear or feel the different voices, opinions, and concerns exploding in the back of your mind.
But why do these subselves act the what they do? Why do I idealize? Idealizing/putting your partner on a pedestal/recruiting draws on the schema which is related to your abandonment wound; you were hurt and rejected by a parental figure, but you so crave unconditional love and understanding. This guardian wants to heal you and recruit the perfect parental figure who can swoop in and save you, based on an early understanding of attachment and love - the fantasy and deep wanting of a child. However, the flipside is your parental figures were never consistent in their love and validation, so fundamentally you don’t believe love and attachment can be consistent and secure. Another guardian sweeps in to warn you that any love is too good to be true - there is always abandonment waiting right around the corner. This guardian is set to find this threat before it creeps up on you and takes you by surprise - no matter what it WILL protect you against this. Hence why in my example I start getting jealous for no reason, feeling paranoid, insecure, and feel that I want to push away. My guardian(s) know(s) that attachment figures pose a threat to my very well-being, because of the wound still remembered. Somewhere inside is a child frozen in time, an Exile, crying in the basement of my mind, feeling unloved, abandoned, and completely worthless. The guardian, hired to protect this inner wounded child, will not have this pain re-lived or doubled - so it attempts to sabotage, devalue, and push away - and against its own logic, achieves all it set out to avoid.
Unless of course the recruiter (or set of recruiters) set in to save the day. Panic fills my chest, and before I know it I am acting like a little child, seeing my partner as this rescuing parent who mustn’t leave me, no matter what. Yet again, I can’t stand facing the possible pain should this person actually leave me. And so back and forth it goes, while another voice fills my head - another guardian, set to protect me against these other two guardians (or collective guardians in two opposing teams), as their inner struggle is clearly harmful to me. If I could only trust that nothing will ever improve, nothing will ever be right, that I am worthless and doomed, if I would only kill myself, I could be protected forever against any pain ever again. To this guardian its own logic makes a lot of sense - and to all guardians their way is the best way.
So where are you in all of this? According to Peter K. Gerlach, your true Self is when you feel calm, collected, ‘serene’ - and with borderline you feel anything but. Our subselves never learned to protect us in healthy ways due to the childhood invalidation that left us clueless as how to deal with our emotions. We’ve been put into strict “protective custody” by our immature and toxic subselves, and thus, from a very early age, and growing up, never knowing who we are. But here we are, nonetheless. If we can learn to recognize these voices as subselves - as a collective “False Self”; that behind all of these scared, frightened, angry, and emotionally intense subselves is a Real you - we can realize that our emotions, thoughts, and behavior are not us. They are the product of fear and a natural yearning towards validation and love. And once in a while, when our subselves are calm, we may see glimpses of ourselves.
So how can we learn to manage them so that they may stay calm? So that perhaps these inner schemas which we self-verify by can be challenged? Well. What I have learned so far is that the first step is learning to listen and observe these voices - which is basically mindfulness in action, but a little more advanced - and as you listen to them, acknowledge their presence and their concerns, these voices have a tendency to calm and lose power over you. They are like little mini-you’s, all wanting to be heard, seen, and understood. They have serious concerns because they were created to care and protect you - and if you listen to their concerns, acknowledge these (but don’t necessarily agree), these voices will lower the intensity to which they are yelling inside your head. This is the same thing that happens when we are angry, and someone makes us feel heard, seen, and validated, and we manage to calm down. The anger is a guardian with a very serious concern, however far from logical reality, which has felt it has been taken seriously. Learn to validate your inner subselves with time, and you WILL achieve more calm and serenity, even if it will be challenging. (Note: Meditation also works to achieve calming of your subselves, hence why you ‘clear your head’ - it just doesn’t face and deal with these voices directly).
Now, as a final note, I just want to touch on retroactive jealousy (when jealousy is a form of OCD). It seems a common issue among us with BPD (and others who struggle with general insecurity), and I know how many dream for a solution to lessen this specific mental torture. Even with IFS, RJ remains a challenge, because it doesn’t work quite like other distrusters. I’ve had to apply tons of scanning and analysis on this issue to just somewhat comprehend its root cause, and I want to share my findings in the hope that it may help any of you suffering with RJ as well.
To my understanding so far, retroactive jealousy is not your typical guardian, but is rather recruited by another guardian. Consider the push-pull effect. You feel too close, so you push away. If there are no concrete issues, but your guardian is convinced there MUST be a threat (because there always is, according to its inner conviction - its ‘schema’), it must conjure something up. So it hires a specific kind of guardian - a scanner. Retroactive jealousy is nothing but a compulsive scanner activated to find any type of threat so that you will push away and leave your partner before they leave you. There is no use inspecting this guardian because the only function it has is to draw you into its world of threats and make you insanely jealous - the only thing you can do is acknowledge its presence, and investigate the schema its using to scan threats with. This serves to make you able to separate specific convictions from your ‘True Self’ (because you logically know the jealousy is nonsensical), so that you can recognize when it is in fact a guardian activating - and not you.
Without letting yourself inspect its specific (hurtful) findings about your partner, ask yourself what it scans for specifically - what over-all schema does it play into? What is its ‘triggers’? What convictions are these findings based on? What does it say about you, your partner, or attachment figures in general? You may find that this schema is like an emotional lens for you, distorting your very reality (and this is what it does). The jealousy scanner wants to find threats, so you won’t have to relive a pain you may have experienced in the past, or which you fear experiencing due to inner convictions about your own self-worth. But what you must bear in mind is - none of it is real. It is a distortion. It is meant to protect you, but it’s misguided and hurts you instead. Circle those convictions, those feelings, and thoughts, and realize that they are NOT you. All you can do is acknowledge the concerns of the initial guardian that recruited this scanner guardian. It is very worried about you, because even if it is inspecting the past, it is doing so to protect you from the future. Doing this may (hopefully) make it calm its horses. And when you find the scanner activating again, you look for this first ‘activating’ guardian, and you listen to its concerns. It wants you to push away? You understand it is afraid for you. But you have everything under control. It’s all A-OK.
Acknowledging and validating (but not necessarily agreeing) with guardians (distrusters as well as recruiters) is the way to manage your inner rampant voices. Play out conversations in your head, listen to them all as if you were attending a meeting in a village for concerned citizens and play the mayor - and hopefully find yourself in all of this. I’m sorry that this long-ass post doesn’t delve more into the practical way of applying IFS, but everything starts with the theory. Either way, I hope this will aid you in your first step at attaining some serenity, if only for a little while.