Writing a character who becomes severely malnourished/dehydrated/sleep-deprived?
Here’s what you’ll need to know! Learn all about the wonders of the human body and add scientifically-accurate drama to your stories.
DEATH: average - 21 days (3 weeks), max ever recorded - 70 days (2.3 months)
6 HOURS: grouchiness and hunger due to lack of glucose.
24 HOURS - 48 HOURS: hunger very apparent; pains in stomach; body has entered ketosis and is using fatty acids as energy.
72 HOURS+: muscles begin to get broken down for energy.
You will become: increasingly depressed, irritable, hysteric apathetic; decline in concentration, comprehension and judgement; social isolation and withdrawal; possible self-harm.
If your character doesn’t eat for 5 consecutive days, they are at risk of Refeeding Syndrome. This is extremely dangerous and can be fatal.
The Minnesota Starvation Experiment
Psychology of starvation based on the above experiment.
DEATH: average 3 days; some live 8 - 10 days
for the calculations: TWV = total water volume in body; average adult loses 2.5 litres of water per day.
Assuming that your character does not eat, drink or absorb any moisture.
9 HOURS/2% TWV: thirst, discomfort, dry skin, loss of appetite; 50% loss of performance for athletes; elevated body temperature, rapid heartbeat, fatigue, dizziness when standing, decreased fluid secretion (sweat, urination, tears, etc).
24 HOURS/6% TWV: sleepiness, severe headaches, nausea, tingling in limbs.
36 - 72 HOURS/ 6 - 15% TWV: no urination, seizures, muscle spasms, shriveled skin, fainting, vision dimming, delirium.
72 HOURS+/15% TWV+: Organ failure.
dehydration on the psychology wiki.
DEATH: not known, but can stay awake for 11 days; max chronic sleep deprivation ever recorded (until death) - 6 months.
NOTE: This does not mean you can stay awake for 6 months. It means you can survive that long with chronic sleep deprivation - going days without sleep and then sleeping once or twice.
24 HOURS: mental ability impairment of someone who has blood-alcohol content of 0.10%; everything is worse - emotional control, memory, attention, decision-making, hand-eye coordination.
36 HOURS: hormonal spikes everywhere; losing time; lack of motivation; head buzzing like you’re dehydrated.
48 HOURS: microsleep, regardless of what you’re doing (you fall asleep for 1-30 seconds and then become disorientated);
72 HOURS+: say goodbye to higher mental processes like decision-making and planning. Also, say good bye to saying goodbye because even simple conversations are hard.
80 HOURS+: … and hello, hallucinations!
this article of a soldier’s experience with sleep deprivation.
Eleven Days Awake; The Experiment.
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