Our cats and dogs naturally have a warmer body temperature than humans (100-102.5F/38-39C)- plus fur and the inability to sweat the same way we do means they are far more susceptible to heat stroke. Even five minutes in a shady spot on a hot day can be enough for susceptible animals.
Urgent Cooling Intervention Required
Heavy, excessive panting: Panting in cats is almost always a sign of distress! For dogs a wide, splayed tongue paired with rapid breathing is highly concerning.
Foamy spittle on the jowls or thick, ropey drool: Primarily a dog related sign and can be an early warning sign
Emergency Care Needed ASAP
Rapid or irregular heartbeat: Pets tend to have faster heart rates than we do, and the smaller the pet the faster the typical heart rate- however generally speaking large breed dogs should be around 90-140bpm, medium/small dogs around 100-160bpm, and cats around 150-200bpm.
Incoordination, Confusion, or Disorientation
Bright red or pale or muddy gray gums or tongue
The most important thing you can do in the event of heat stroke is to begin cooling procedures while getting your pet to the nearest emergency vet. This can be done by wetting the paws and ears and fur with cool (not cold) water and getting a fan/air flow on them. Offer them water, but do not force them to drink.
Try to keep your pet calm- they are already distressed and this can make breathing difficult enough. The more stressed they are, the more they will struggle to breathe and thus oxygenate and cool themselves.
NOTE: this alone is not enough- Cooling too fast or prolonged hyperthermia can result in organ damage/failure and the pet will need additional care under the supervision of a vet and their medical team.
Some pets are more vulnerable than others. Take extra caution if your pet is/has one or more of the following:
Brachycephalic (aka short muzzled/flat faced)- these breeds have a harder time breathing and increased risk of airway compromise. Physical exertion, particularly in hot weather, puts them at higher risk for overheating
Obesity & other medical conditions- fat insulates heat and can make it harder for them to cool down, and overweight pets are more prone to respiratory issues. Other pre-existing conditions that affect the respiratory or circulatory systems can also predispose these pets to overheating
Age- young and senior pets have more difficulty regulating their body temperature due to under developed systems or chronic conditions
Allow pets access to plenty of water, air conditioning (or air flow if AC is not available), and avoid activity outdoors during the hottest part of the day. For more information visit the American Animal Hospital Association’s website here.