Some words in English that have arrived to English through Catalan or that are proposed to have done so.
let's talk about Bridgerton tea, my ask is open
Cosmic Funnies
Claire Keane
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izzy's playlists!
Cosimo Galluzzi

Andulka

Jar Jar Binks Fan Club

roma★
sheepfilms
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Aqua Utopia|海の底で記憶を紡ぐ
$LAYYYTER

if i look back, i am lost

Origami Around

bliss lane
Cookie Run:Kingdom Official!
Sade Olutola
Doug Jones
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@franzgenderkafka
Some words in English that have arrived to English through Catalan or that are proposed to have done so.
this blog slays absolute penis 🔥💯 on the note of emojis can you explain why they aren’t hieroglyphics? an enemy of mine is annoyingly touting that they are because she saw it on tiktok once 🙃
ooh, a friday treat for me?? thank you
(this is one topic that i don't get sick of reiterating because i love hieroglyphs so much)
"hieroglyphic" is the term applied to a couple of ancient writing systems, especially egyptian (the domain where the term originated) and mayan. generally, it refers to writing systems with notably pictorial elements, that is, systems where the signs' pictorial origins are recognizable. i've seen some claims that hieroglyphic writing is limited to monumental texts, which may be accurate for egyptian—i believe different versions of the script, hieratic and demotic, were used for non-monumental writing—but is definitely not true for mayan glyphs, which also appear incised and painted on portable objects and in codices and graffiti.
the classic mayan logogram AK "turtle," representing a turtle shell.
although emojis are obviously pictorial, they don't have the linguistic value that hieroglyphics do. any "hieroglyphic" system is encoding a specific language, and none of them are actually "pictorial," which would indicate something like an ideographic system where every symbol stands for an independent idea. (this was a popular early explanation for egyptian hieroglyphs among european scholars, but 19th-century decipherment pretty roundly shut that down. it was also suggested for mayan glyphs in the 19th and even 20th centuries—including among very prominent mayanists—but again, thoroughly disproven.)
so: hieroglyphic systems represent specific linguistic units, which may or may not have semantic associations. phonograms are used for their sound referents, like alphabetic signs. logograms are used for their semantic referents, but also (in my experience) point to specific words. both egyptian and mayan hieroglyphic scripts make use of some kind of complementation in cases of homophony or polyvalence, where a determinative (for egyptian) or syllabogram (for mayan) is associated with a logogram to clarify its intended referent.
the logogram WITZ "mountain" with initial complementation by the syllabogram wi (shaded in gray), clarifying the word's pronunciation.
emojis, having no agreed-upon linguistic value, can be described as pictorial or ideographic. we don't have a system of associating specific sounds with individual symbols, and in cases where a symbol can have multiple meanings, there's no formalized understanding of complementation to clarify (you just have to figure out your interlocutor's intention from context clues).
there's also an important social factor to consider here: writing systems do not get developed and especially disseminated without an infrastructure to back them up. as law (2015:162)* writes, "writing needs complex society more than complex societies need writing." script practices can change from the bottom up, sure, but without social structures in place surrounding those script practices, they'd have nowhere to go**. emojis have no such structure. they are unformalized, unstandardized, and entirely lack a pedagogical infrastructure. there's no way to tell everyone what their singular meanings may be. and, honestly, there aren't enough of them for a full writing system! logosyllabaries have at minimum hundreds of symbols, and that's even with the ability to write phonetically using syllabograms alone. coe and van stone (2005:18–19)*** very accurately call out how ambiguous and unwieldy a purely logographic system would be, requiring thousands upon thousands of individual signs to represent the full breadth of human conceptual capability.
...anyway, that's been my soapbox.
*Law, Danny. 2015. “Reading Early Maya Cities: Interpreting the Role of Writing in Urbanization.” In A World with Cities, 4000 BCE – 1200 CE, edited by Norman Yoffee, 158–81. The Cambridge World History, III. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
**Cavalli-Sforza, Luigi, and Marcus W. Feldman. 1981. Cultural Transmission and Evolution: A Quantitative Approach. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
***Coe, Michael D., and Mark Van Stone. 2005. Reading the Maya Glyphs. 2nd ed. New York: Thames & Hudson.
illustrated examples from Kettunen, Harri, and Christophe Helmke. 2019. Introduction to Maya Hieroglyphs. 16th ed. Wayeb.
ah, so you *could* use emojis for a hyroglyphic writing system, as they are direct pictoral signifiers, but this use would be different to how emojis are used regularly
Interesting
let me be clear: "hieroglyphic" is NOT a technical distinction for writing systems in general. the roman alphabet is also originally derived from pictorial symbols, but they're so abstracted now as to be unrecognizable.
literally any set of visual symbols could theoretically be co-opted for writing.
I vaguely recall that Aztec codices were being increasingly thought to have a similar writing system to Maya underlying them. Has that approach gone anywhere toward a potential formal decipherment?
here is a whole issue of the PARI journal on aztec/nahuatl writing! it's from 2008 but it's still solid. wikipedia has some good references too.
aztec script does seem to have a higher proportion of logography/ideography than maya script but there's a similar phonetic complementation principle at work.
this joke makes me so mad because I 100% bet you we already have
oi mate what's ya fuckin gendies
starting a collection
[Image description: a collection of various social media posts.
First and second image; ID in alt text.
Third image: two tumblr posts by @/gothhabiba:
the way that white travel & food writers write about 'aswaq is so eyes- rolling-into-the-back-of-your-head stupid
My host takes me into the narrow, winding, crowded corridors of the supermarket, holding my hand tightly to ensure that I'm not lost among the sounds, the smells, and the vibrant, rich, exotic colors of the brightly lit aisles. A necessary precaution, it turns out, as things demand my attention from all sides: the white, tiled, slightly dirty floors, the narrow passageways occasionally made narrower by boxes of produce yet to be shelved, and the wrenching and shoving from people pushing through to their various inscrutable destinations. People in jeans, hoodies, and light jackets inspect produce and reject or accept it for mysterious reasons. The occasional employee pulls boxes out of a damp, dark, dank storage room and then pushes them about on a palette cart that has been painted a lush blue.
At the butcher station, a young man with a sharp knife actually carves into animal carcasses before buyers' eyes as they shout their desired cuts at him: such unusual, surprising choices as "deli sliced" or "hank." The aroma of raw flesh combines with the waftings of the bakery nearby to produce a confusing, enticing, almost erotic sensory jumble.
This is where the European goes to buy his food, to socialize, to argue, and, when a sample counter appears somewhere among the well- trodden paths, even to eat.
Fourth image: a post by someone named Milton:
I discovered the river you see behind me here in London. I don't know what the natives call it but I gave it a proper name -- River Gulu. Like Sir Samuel Baker you can now call me Sir Milton…. who discovered River Gulu in London.
Below is a photograph of a Black man smiling with his arms folded, standing in front of a river in London.
Sixth image: part of a twitter thread by Jew Who Has It All:
Dear Teachers, As some of you may know, if you have any students who identify as Christian in your class, they may be absent while observing the Christian holiday of Christmas. Officially, the holiday commemorates the birth of their prophet. In modern times, the holiday incorporates many pagan winter solstice rituals as well. Some children may believe that a man named Santa Claws (aka St. Nicholas Ha'Kadosh) will visit their house on a sled pulled by flying deer while they are asleep. As terrifying as this belief sounds, apparently the children really look forward to his home invasion because they wake up to presents that Santa left for them in the middle of the night.
Seventh and eighth image: a tumblr conversation between various users:
teaboot Okay, new rule: if you regularly consume the blood. and flesh of a demigod in a room full of chanting elders you're not allowed to call other religions primitive and evil
candidlyautistic This is oddly specific and leaves some very interesting questions unanswered.
uirgiliana Catholicism sure does sound weird when you put it that way.
birthdaypigeon could u imagine if ppl talked about catholicism the same way they talked about like… indigenous ppl's religions….
birthdaypigeon girl in horror movie holding a bible open: "according to legend, a mob tortured a half-man, half-god, and nailed him to a wooden cross, leaving him to starve to death. But days later, on this very night, they found he had clawed his way out of the grave. Now those who believe lie in wait for him to rise again, To honour him, they have weekly gatherings where they chant and sing, and at the end of it they eat his flesh and blood."
girl's friend: "wow.. thats so creepy…"
horror movie jock: "it's only a myth, don't worry"
End ID]
I can't figure this out, and I could use help, if you have the time! Is the term agglutinative, as it pertains to linguistics, etymologically related to the word gluten? They both seem like they're about things sticking together but I might be drawing parallels where there are none. Love your blog, thank you!
incredibly, it seems like you may be right! etymonline attributes both agglutinative and gluten to the latin root gluten/glutin- "glue." nice catch, anon.
Fun language learning realization of the day: I was doing a Spanish exercise in Duolingo and as I was typing elige (for "chooses") my brain suddenly piped up with "selects."
So I ran to Google and sure enough, "select" in English and "elegir" in Spanish come from the same root word in Latin (legere, to pick out)!
Honestly if my language classes in school had ever taught us these kinds of things, I would have become obsessed.
you know what bothers me a lot about the zeitgeist. posts where a pet addresses their owner as "hooman"
like on what planet would a cat be able to pronounce ˈhʉː.mən but not ˈhjuː.mən. and don't fucking claim that their first language lacks the "y" sound because they famously say shit like mjaʊ̯ and ɲa all the fucking time
Is there a langblr community, girlies?
Somewhere to share language learning progress, post in our target language, participate in challenges, etc. ?
Yes girl we r everywhere, atting all my mutuals and ppl I follow for u rn @linguisten @learnallthelanguages @lifebuoyjournals
@lovelearnkorean @koreanstudytips @adhd-languages @punkinvsblogging @weishenyu
There's a lot more but I'm on mobile rn so I'm suffering typing these out. Just go to my following if it's public tbh. There are so many people who post regularly, check the tag #langblr #koreanblr #frenchblr (just put the language u r interested in and then blr)
There r also so many people in #language learning
do words know they are being used
it's enrichment for them
the three linguistics papers to read about singular they (morphosyntax)
Bjorkman, B. M. (2017). Singular they and the syntactic representation of gender in English. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics, 2(1). Open access link
Konnelly, L., & Cowper, E. (2020). Gender diversity and morphosyntax: An account of singular they. Glossa: a journal of general linguistics, 5(1). open access link
Conrod, K. (2022). Abolishing gender on D. Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique, 67(3), 216-241. Open access link
in chronological order because these papers are all basically responding to each other; this papers focus on the (morpho)syntax and semantics of english singular 'they' referring to specific people (like they/them pronoun-users).
if you like posts like this, let me know! i'll give "three linguistics papers to read about (topic)" every once in a while based on interest
official linguistics post
you can pry starting sentences with 'and' or 'but' out of my cold, dead hands
op how does it feel to be the most correct person on earth
i think we should all start using arabic words and phrases more often because its a beautiful language and also theres not really. english equivalents that have the same vibes
theres also the comedy potential of it. you guys dont know the joy of having your muslim friend text you "hopefully the racists in our city will all get sick and cant go to the protest" and you, as a pasty white guy, responding with "inshallah they get covid"
its a one hit KO every time. its fucking hilarious. theres no english word that has the same effect.
he also once texted me that he got over a mysterious illness he came down with (i think? i cant remember the exact context) and i responded with "subhanallah he is cured"
again, one hit KO. he lost his shit.
what im saying is we gotta normalise arabic. its just a language like any other, and it has some great words. its just like saying "thank god" or whatever, but theres so much variety and nuance. its beautiful
what do inshallah and subhanallah mean so I could potentially use em in the correct situations? And potential words I could use?
OK LETS DO THIS
disclaimer i am not arab or muslim and i dont speak arabic but @frogofalltime has explained these words to me and says im using them correctly lmao
inshallah - "if god wills it". like an "i hope this happens" kind of thing. remember the finding nemo poster "inshallah they find him" meme if that helps. used in future tense.
mashallah - "god has willed it", used when something good happened. can be used to denote awe about an event or person. used in past tense.
alhamdulillah - essentially "thank god" or "praise be to god". like mashallah and inshallah but stronger, and can be used in any tense (i think). he will be baked soon alhamdullilah
subhanallah - "glory be to god". like alhamdullilah but stronger. used for when something almost miraculous happens!
those are all the ones i remember off the top of my head im sure binya can add more (and also confirm whether ive got my translations right)
mashaallah robin my faithful student you translated and explained all of this so well :0
there's also astaghfirullah which means "i seek forgiveness in god" which you use when you or someone else does something haram (forbidden / sinful / wrong). tbh we use it in a lot of jokey contexts like if someone swears in a conversation you can call them out like "astaghfirullah haram !"
and bismillah which means "in the name of god" which you can use before doing something, we often use it before doing a difficult thing like when you are struggling to open a bottle or something lmao. or you can say it when someone falls or drops something or gets injured. idk
weird train of thought but sometimes i wonder what it would be like if changing your pronouns was divorced from the concept of transitioning and more so seen as a way of deconstructing language. do you know how many weird middle aged artist dudes i know who would probably go by neopronouns as an artistic statement if it wasn’t seen as a trans thing? im not saying this is a better option or anything really, just. sort of saying that i think that the act of changing pronouns is sort of an inherintly interesting artistic act and i wonder how it could be contextualized outside of transition.
fun fact about languages: a linguist who was studying aboriginal languages of Australia finally managed to track down a native speaker of the Mbabaram language in the 60s for his research. they talked a bit and he started by asking for the Mbabaram word for basic nouns. They went back and forth before he asked for the word for “dog” The man replied “dog” They had a bit of a “who’s on first” moment before realizing that, by complete coincidence, Mbabaram and English both have the exact same word for dog.
on a similar note, a traditional Ojibwe greeting is “Nanaboozhoo” so when the French first landed in southern Canada they thought that they were saying “Bonjour!” Which is fucking wild to think about. Imagine crossing the ocean and the first people you meet in months somehow speak French.
Given that we famously don’t know the origin of the English word “dog”, I have decided to adopt an utterly batshit folk etymology conspiracy theory. As a treat.
For a while I just assumed that the English “potluck”, was derived from Chinook Jargon “potlatch”. Both describe comparable practices of guests contributing resources to a larger community-wide feast. But a little digging quickly reveals no etymological relation; instead of one, I got TWO! interesting linguistic insights into distinct cultures.
False cognates are pairs of words that seem related, but aren’t. Here are some of these amazing linguistic coincidences. What are False Cong
Here’s some more!
‘Ciao’ is from what now.
Per Wiktionary—
Borrowed from Venetian s-ciao, sciavo (“slave”) (in particular the expression s-ciao vostro (literally “(I am) your slave”), in essence meaning “I am at your service”, or “your humble servant”), from Medieval Latin sclavus (“slave”) (whence also standard Italian schiavo); in the Venetian language originally pronounced /stʃaʊ/. Development and use is similar to the Southern German and Central European greeting of servus.
Okay then!
re: ‘nanaboozhoo’, it’s also frequently shortened to ‘boozhoo’, increasing the likelihood of it sounding like ‘bonjour.’ also those double ‘o’s are a long ‘o’ sound, not an English 'oo’ sound like 'boot’. and the 'zh’ sounds just like the 'j’ in 'bonjour,’ and the French notoriously do not explicitly pronounce the 'n’ or the 'r’. so 'boozhoo’ really sounds a lot like 'bonjour.’
official linguistics post
I think American accents are cute I love hearing American cuties talking yes bitch show me how rhotic your rs are
Especially because I hear absolutely nothing but Australian accents and I'm so tired of it. I want an American girlboy gf. "Waahtermelon" yes bitch.
carr keys. starr worrs. superr duperr. etc
Music to my ears
Excellent work ladies
As a New Englander with a SWNE accent living in Australia... They freaking love it. I hate my accent. They can't get enough of it.
This is a serious question for British people and also linguists. Why do British people say 'zed,' not 'zee'? Actually, let me clarify that a bit. Why do British people say 'zed' but still say bee, cee, dee, ee, gee, pee, and vee? There is no other letter in the English-language alphabet that ends in 'ed.' In fact I think the only other letter that doesn't share a sound with any other letter is H, "aytch." There are no other letters where an additional consonant is added to the sound. What happened with Z? If you happen to know the history of why Z is absolutely distinct from the rest of the alphabet, I would genuinely love to know.
Greek zeta evolved into French zede which evolved into English as... Either zed or zee, depending on regional dialect.
Between the 1500s to 1700s, Z is written out as zed and zee both in Britain and America.
At some point prior to American independence, Z was standardised as zed in Britain. During American independence, Z was standardised as zee in America. It's thought that this may have been done intentionally, to carve out a distinct American identity.
A similar thing happened with -or/-our words. A few place names in the UK are evidence of this:
One, that’s absolutely fascinating and I thank you.
Two, that sign looks SO FUCKING WRONG. Like I’ve landed in some alternate dimension. I understand what you’ve said and it makes sense, but my brain is like “thanks, I hate it! Put the U back! PUT THE U BACK!!!!”
….which is actually really interesting because when I see the reverse in America (an -our versus an -or), I just assume the person’s being fancy.
(And for my next trick, “cultural understandings of spelling…”)
Many Canadians go between zed and zee. I was taught 'zed' in the ABC song but many of the kids in school said 'zee'.
I learned to say 'zee' from watching Sesame Street and had to be corrected into saying 'zed' when I started school.
Hilarious reversal of that: we had to teach my niece how to say “zebra” because of Peppa Pig. We use a long e for it and the show uses a short e.
you: suck my dick me, an intellectual: inhale my richard
here it is! the post that started a “me, an intellectual” hell frenzy, and is officially ⭐ the worst post of 2016 ⭐
Rare Achievement Unlocked:
Irrevocable Linguistic Harm
Create a memetic phrase that still sees use for almost a decade afterward