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The Folklore of May Day
So, today is May Day, a celebration in England and the anglicised parts of Wales and Scotland [1] and hence I’m making this post.
Origins: The first mention of May Day is in 1240, when Robert Grossteste, Bishop of Lincoln, complained about people celebrating it [2]. It was common for clergy to complain about it, but, despite what you might think, it was rarely accused of being pagan – the standard complaints were that it was idle and self-indulgent, that it included mixed-gender dancing (which might lead to fornication) and that it encouraged people to spend Sunday partying rather than going to church. It was suppressed by Puritans when they took power after the English Civil War for the above reasons, and so it became popular again when the monarchy took power again [3]. However, it declined again after that, got revived in the Victorian era due to romanticisation of the past and concerns about declining community bonds [4], and declined again after that due to modern holidays giving people other fun things to do [5].
May Eve: On the night before, it was common for groups of young men to leave branches by the houses of young women in the village to express their feelings. Often, it was based on rhyming code: for example, in Cheshire it was nut for a slut, pear for fair, plum for glum, bramble for ramblers, etc. [6] and in Lancashire it was holly for folly, thorn for scorn, briar for liar, etc. In other places that wasn’t the case, such as Northamptonshire, where hawthorn was a compliment and elder, sloe, crab apple, nettle and thistle were insults [7]. The date was also associated with faeries, and hence people sleeping under hawthorn on that night risked abduction by them [8].
Foliage Decoration: The beginning of May Day was young people collecting flowers to use as decoration and, in some areas, nettles to beat people who annoyed them [9], while in other areas the beating with nettles happened on the 3rd May [10]. What plants were used were very variable: bluebells and primroses were the most popular in Hertfordshire [11], marigolds and birch in Wales and the Welsh Border [12], sycamore in Cornwall and ribbons in industrialised areas (such as Preston and Manchester in Lancashire) without access to flowers, but hawthorn blossoms were by far the most common [13]. Some of these decorations had magical purposes; for example, the aforementioned birch branches were hung over stables to protect horses from witches [14], rowans and primroses were used for the same purpose in Wales and parts of Britain with Celtic influence such as Cumberland and Herefordshire, and in Somerset parsons burnt rue, hemlock and rosemary to ward off malign influences [15].
However, because the first days of May were generally cold and thus bad for the sick and elderly, such decorations were very unlucky to bring inside [16] and in the Cotswolds the belief was extended to white flowers in general [17]
Maypoles: The most famous thing associated with May Day, with poles covered in ribbons and flowers that people danced around. The first unambiguous reference to one is a mid-14th-century Welsh poem that describes a tree used for this purpose; while they’re often claimed to be symbols of phalluses or tree spirits from pagan times, there’s no evidence for this. The local maypole was a locus of community pride, and so people often tried to steal other villages’ maypoles, which sometimes led to brawls [18].
May Processions: One of the staples of May Day was processions with stock characters, such as Mad Moll and Her Husband (two men with soot-blackened faces, one with a birch broom and a hump, the other in a ragged dress and straw bonnet and carrying a ladle), the Lord and Lady (a woman in a muslin dress and a man with a sword, both of them covered in colourful ribbons and handkerchiefs) [19], woman dancing with milk pails on their heads [20] and Jack in the Green, a man covered in foliage. Jack in the Green was proposed by folklorist Lady Raglan to be a legacy of a pagan fertility deity, but we now know he was invented by chimney sweeps in order to attract donations [21] since May Day was their festival and the coming summer meant they would be out of work for a long stretch of time; other gimmicks to attract donations included morris dancing and blackface [22]. The most important procession figure was the May King, the leader of the festivities, who was later replaced by Robin Hood [23], along with other figures from the lore such as Maid Marian, Friar Tuck and Little John. The tradition eventually died away, but Maid Marian remained, played by a burly bearded man in drag for comedy [24]. In poorer communities, the above figures were often effigies in displays rather than people in costume [25].
Maying: This tradition consists of children walking around carrying flower garlands and miniature maypoles and lead by a May Queen in a white dress, hoping to attract donations of food from rich households [26] while singing songs. A survey of sixty May songs from thirty villages in the counties of Leicestershire and Rutland found very few duplicates, and that most of them began in the nineteenth century with a few older ones. While full of Christian piety, their fundamental theme was asking for food or celebrating love, growth and the turn of the year [27]. The tradition was popularised by schools organising it, and was most popular in the East Midlands [28], but was also found elsewhere, such as the Welsh Border [29]. was a mostly female activity, since boys begged on Guy Fawkes’ Night [30].
May Dew: May Day dew was credited with various magical powers if used to wash the face: bestowing beauty in Cornwall [31], Hertfordshire [32] and the Welsh Border [33], curing tuberculosis in Wiltshire [34] and warding off witchcraft on the Isle of Man [35]. As late as 1888, Edgmond, Shropshire, a mother tried to cure a boy unable to walk by rubbing his back with May dew nine mornings in a row [36].
Other May Day Magic: In the 1940s, a boy in Brenhill, Wiltshire was cured of rupture by being passed through a slit ash tree with his head towards the sun on May Day; an older child passed through the same tree did not heal, which was blamed on the tree being cut down before the healing was complete [37]. In Mid-Cornwall on May Day, horseshoes nailed to doors for protection were taken down and turned around without touching the ground in order to renew the magic [38]. Spells to divine a girl’s future husband were a major part of British folk magic, and that was the case here; for example, if a snail was placed in the fire in May Day and the mark left the next day was an “L” (for “lucky”) the girl would be romantically lucky [39]. Another such ritual from the Scottish Borders (also practiced on Halloween, Christmas Eve, New Year’s Eve and Midsummer Eve) was to take three pails of water, put them on the bedroom floor, pin three holly leaves about her heart and go to sleep. She would wake up to hear three yells like those of a bear, then three laughs, and then see the vision of your future husband. If the man was in love with her, he would rearrange the pails, and if not, he would leave them alone. A woman once did this and was left a noose by the apparition, which she hung herself with shortly after marriage while drunk [40].
May Day Wells: Wishing wells and healing wells were common across Britain, and some were said to be particularly effective, such as wishing wells at Wooler, Northumberland [41] and Holyrood, Edinburgh [42] and the healing lake of Llyn Ffynnon Foer in Caernarfonshire [43].
Faeries and May Day: In Scotland, May Day was said to be one of the four “quarter days” – along with Candlemas (2nd February), Lammas (1st August) and Halloween – that faeries used to migrate between barrows [44], and hence on those days people took their cattle inside and went to church and “cunning folk”, such as Edinburgh cunning woman Jonet Boyman and Orkney cunning woman Isobel Sinclair communed with faeries [45]. Some such traditions emphasise May Day as a time of changing seasons, such as a Scottish one that the Cailleach (the Celtic goddess of winter) threw her staff under a gorse or holly bush and turned to stone on that date [46] and in Wales on that date Gwynn ap Nudd (the king of the faeries, said to go hunting in winter) fights with Gwythyr ap Greidiawl for Creiddylad ferch Lludd Llaw Ereint, the most beautiful woman in the land, after Arthur decreed that the two should fight for her for eternity [47].
May Day Today: One of the major current May Day festivals is in Knutsford, Cheshire, which has been going on since 1864 [48]. Maypole dancing continues in the Devon villages of Lustleigh and Kinsteignton [49], Chiselhurst and Offham in Kent, Welford-on-Avon in Warwickshire, Temple Sowerby in Cumbria and Barnet-in-Elmet, Yorkshire. Maying persists at Montrose in Angus, Wick in Caithness, Eyemouth in Berwickshire, Ickwell in Bedfordshire and Ossett in Yorkshire, and an adult procession is held in Rochester, Kent [50].
Bibliography
Ronald Hutton, 2002, The Stations of the Sun: A History of the Ritual Year in Britain and Ireland, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p.233
Hutton 2002 p.226
Hutton 2002 p.236
Hutton 2002 p.295
Hutton 2002 p.260
Jacqueline Simpson, 1976, The Folklore of the Welsh Border, London: Batsford, pp.148-149
Hutton 2002 p.231
Doris Jones-Baker, 1977, The Folklore of Hertfordshire, London: Batsford, p.136
Marc Alexander, 2002, A Companion to the Folklore, Legends and Customs of Britain, Sutton Publishing Ltd., p..124
Ralph Whitlock, 1977, The Folklore of Devon, London: Batsford, p.146
Jones-Baker 1977 pp.141-142
Simpson 1976 p.149
Hutton 2002 p.230
Alexander 2002 p.23
Hutton 2002 p.224
Katherine Briggs, 1976, A Dictionary of Fairies, Penguin Books Ltd., p.159
Katherine Briggs,1974, The Folklore of the Cotswolds, London: Batsford, p.119
Hutton 2002 pp.233-235
Jones-Baker 1977 pp.136-137
Simpson 1976 p.151
Hutton 2002 pp.241-242
Jones-Baker 1977 p.140
Hutton 2002 pp.247-248
Hutton 2002 pp.271-274
Jones-Baker 1977 p.137
Simpson 1976 p.150
Hutton 2002 p.231
Hutton 2002 pp.237-238
Simpson 1976 p.148
Jones-Baker 1977 p.141
Tony Deane and Tony Shaw, 1975, The Folklore of Cornwall, London: Batsford, p.172
Jones-Baker 1977 p.64
Simpson 1976 p.151
Ralph Whitlock, 1976, The Folklore of Wiltshire, London: Batsford, p.168
Colin Bord and Janet Bord, 1985, Sacred Waters: Holy Wells and Water Lore in Britain and Ireland, Granada Publishing Ltd., p.86
Simpson 1976 p.151
Whitlock 1976 pp.166-167
Deane and Shaw 1975 p.172
T. F. Thistelton-Dyer, 1878, English Folklore, London: Hardwicke and Bogue, p.121
William Henderson, 1879, Notes on the folk-lore of the northern counties of England and the borders, London: Nichols and Sons, pp.99-100.
Bord and Bord 1985 p.170
Bord and Bord 1985 p.193
Bord and Bord 1985 p.49
Kirk, R., 1692 (ed. pub. 1893), The Secret Commonwealth of Elves, Fauns and Fairies, Andrew Lang, p.7
Jeremy Harte, 2004, Explore Fairy Traditions, Heart of Albion Press, p.136-137
Briggs 1976 pp.58-59
T. F. Gwynn-Jones, 1970, Welsh Folklore and Folk Custom, Redwood Burn Ltd., p.153
Simpson 1976 p.152
Whitlock 1977 p.143
Hutton 2002 pp.301-302
Gente eu tô me mijando de rir com esse vídeo
2026 Japanese Ice Show Videos
Post will be updated with more links once available. I will try to upload all the shows that have a TV broadcast. I do not have a lot of online storage space, so if you want to keep the videos, please download them as soon as you can! The links will stay up for at least the duration of the off season.
Notte Stellata: Day 1 (March 7), Day 3 (March 9)
Stars on Ice Osaka: Day 3 (April 5)
[NEW] REALIVE Day 1 (April 11)
Added link for Yuzuru Hanyu's REALIVE
Some of our favorite quotes from Artemis ii so far:
"Copy. Moon joy."
"I have two Microsoft Outlooks, and neither one of those are working."
"Houston, if you could give me about 20 new superlatives in the mission summary for tomorrow that will help out my vocabulary a little bit, that would be great. Thank you."
“If you’ve ever seen the top of the spotlight of the top of the Luxor at night in Vegas, this looks like what it wants to be when it grows up.”
"To all of you down there on Earth... we love you, from the moon. See you on the other side."
"We just went sci fi.
"It is so great to see Earth again. To Asia, Africa, and Oceania: we are looking back at you. We hear you can look up and see the moon right now. We see you too."
"We will always choose Earth. We will always choose each other."
“It’s a bright spot on the moon, and we would like to call it Carroll.” (The name of Commander Reid Wiseman's late wife)
"Amaze amaze amaze."
"I said that we do not leave Earth, but we choose it. And that is true."
"Christina has been sleeping head down in the middle of the vehicle, kind of like a bat"
"It's really fun to be floatin' around, it just makes me feel like a little kid."
"Trust us, you look amazing, you look beautiful."
"'Homo Sapiens' is all of us, no matter where you're from or what you look like. We're all one people."
"We're going to power cycle the toilet from the ground."
"I'm proud to call myself the Space Plumber."
"We were all eagerly awaiting the chorus." (After Mission Control cut off Pink Pony Club early when waking up the crew)
"Copy heart. Copy bracelet." (In response to Wiseman giving his daughters heart hands and showing them the bracelets they made him that he was wearing)
“Welcome back. We are still here. They are in space.”
"Copy. Bubble wrap nominal."
"We have rediscovered the chocolate snacks."
“The truth is, the moon really is its own body in the universe. It's not just a poster in the sky that goes by, it is a real place."
“We will build ships. We will visit again. We will construct science outposts. We will drive rovers, we will do radio astronomy.”
"I've seen a lot of new perspectives, but my perspective has not changed because I launched with the perspective that there is enough for all." (After being asked if they had a new view on humankind.)
"On behalf of all Canadians, we wanted some reassurances of your preferences for maple syrup over Nutella on your pancakes."
The hurdy-gurdy is a mesmerizing medieval string instrument that sings through a hand-cranked wheel instead of a bow. Born in 10th-century Europe, it began as the organistrum, played in monasteries to support sacred chants-deep, droning, and hypnotic. Its sound feels ancient yet alive, like history breathing through wood and string.
As centuries rolled on, the hurdy-gurdy escaped the cloisters and hit the streets-powering dances, folk tales, and festivals across Europe. With buzzing drones, rhythmic clicks, and haunting melodies, it became the soundtrack of the Middle Ages. One turn of the crank, and time rewinds.
I... I was not prepared.
This is kinda oversimplified. In our current capatilist sytem, in order to become a doctor at all in the first place, one needs the childhood environment to facilitate access to the best education. This immediately sets up people who get into med school as part of generational wealth - from the onset they have access to private schooling, tutoring, a set of savings that can be put towards higher education rather than having to work while in school to afford it. MD and MBBS university courses are often also quite long, so this further selects against people who can't afford to spend that much time in university and thus not earning full-time. Finally, being a surgeon itself further selects against people without the safety net of coming from generational wealth. The post-education exams are themselves really expensive and may require re-sits, and definitiely require extra education courses, textbooks, question banks, etc. (which aren't going to be free) which someone without the safety net of parental support would not be able to justify the cost of. Finally, once someone is able to become a surgeon earning 200k a year, due to coming from generational wealth which relies on investment earning rather than earning solely through labour, the surgeon themselves would want to supplement their income through investment. Thus, they'd also vote and lobby and fund in that direction, supporting NIMBY-ist policies that support personal wealth growth rather than more equitable wealth distribution.
This is just one example, but pretty much anyone earning large amounts of money is, politically speaking, a lot closer to a billionaire 1%er than the average earner, due to the economic circumstances required to get them into that high earning position in the first place. You can apply a similar understanding to, say, actors, atheletes, filmmakers - all of these high earning jobs necessitate a strong economic foundation and the consequencial high income predisposes someone to favouring non-labour based forms of income.
That's why we have terms like petit bourgeois - they're an earning group technically primarily earning money secondary to real labour, but in an economic position that encourages supporting higher rather than lower wealth classes.
Except this talks only the stereotype. I went to med school and while many come from doctor parents (labor-created generational wealth spiritually very comparable to, say, a tradesman passing down the trade and funds to their kids), a decent number came from middle class families. Some had tutoring, many didn't, some had the elite schools, some didn't. Most graduate with >$100k in debt (im at $300k) and bet on the salary to make it worth it. So it varies a ton. But you are right that many are privileged, just not that you need to be. The main issue is to not fight your more fortunate classmates and thus dilute the action's efforts. Doctor rich and lawyer rich are not "eat the rich" rich; CEOs and others profiting off strangers' labor are.
unforgettable moment 😭
why did they start breeding busses to have flat faces. they can't breathe
if you think this
looks better than this
you're part of the problem. I'm so tired of all the excuses like "oh they look cuter!" "why do you care?" THEY CAN'T BREATHE. People intentionally breeding these vehicles to give them health problems because they "like how it looks" makes me so mad
Actually, flat faced buses can breathe fine! This is a case of convergent evolution, but the two types of buses are not genetically related.
Pointed nose buses are decended from trucks, and have their engines located in the front. This requires the larger nose in order to provide the space for the engine as well as adequate ventilation.
Meanwhile, flat nosed buses are actually descended from city buses (which in turn descend from trolleys), and were domesticated due to their greater maneuverability and capacity.
Contrary to popular belief, flat nosed busses typically do not experience breathing problems. Their engines are located in the back of the bus, with a large breathing vent located in the rear.
These buses also have a different structure to accommodate this change, typically including doubled back tires, a different weight distribution, and a change in location of the emergency egress door from the back to the left side.
Winter Shenanigans
✨🏰 ateez & disney 🏰 ✨
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a/n: if y'all need to know anything about me outside of ateez, it should be that i have an OBSESSION with disney. i am a proud disney adult, and i legit don't care what anyone thinks. i think i saw someone do this with princes before?? i included a variety of disney leading men, not necessarily just princes! <3 mila
(sparkle divider by @/toastray)