Many art museums have audio tours that go over this stuff, but almost all of them have information about the art featured with the art. Here’s a page from the Scotsdale Museum of Contemporary Art talking about their didactic panels. It is not at all unusual for modern or contemporary art museums to feature explanatory panels or descriptions of the featured works or their creators.
Here’s the MoMA’s biographical information about Barnett Newman and here’s the museum’s extended label for one of the paintings in the video:
The Latin title Vir Heroicus Sublimis can be translated “Man, heroic and sublime.” Newman once asked, “If we are living in a time without a legend that can be called sublime, how can we be creating sublime art?” This painting, his largest at the time, is one response. Newman wanted the viewer to stand close to this work, and he likened the experience to a human encounter: “It’s no different, really, from meeting another person. One has a reaction to the person physically. Also, there’s a metaphysical thing, and if a meeting of people is meaningful, it affects both their lives.”
(The label for “Abraham,” the other Newman painting in the gallery, is pretty great, I think.)
None of this includes technical details like the difficulty of creating a painting that large with minimal brushstrokes or lines that clearly defined, but it is part of a collection called “Planes of Color” in which there are also two Rothkos and which has an explanation of the historical (postwar, post-atomic) context of the paintings and a brief explanation of the philosophical approach of the artists in the gallery. The gallery is set up to invite comparison between the techniques being used without overtly commenting on them - Newman’s pieces are silk-smooth and uniform while Rothko’s paintings are fuzzier and more textured with a different depth of color.
Here’s one of the current installations in the MoMA, and you can see that in the entrance to the room there is a fairly large label with two paragraphs of explanation on the installation and the artist:
Museums also often have videos about various works and installations up online. The LACMA has a good example of a label that gives an explanation for the composition and motivation of a piece and also two videos that go further in depth on the website. One video is a performance by the artist in front of another of his paintings, the other video is of the museum director discussing the painting. 150 Portrait Tone is about the police killing of Philando Castile and uses words from the video of his death, so heads up. It’s heartbreaking.
Obviously people are unlikely to sit down on their phones and watch a video about a painting from the museum’s website, but it is pretty rare for a museum to present art with no context.
Personally I’ve found that contemporary and modern exhibitions go out of their way to provide more context to visitors than traditional art museums - they know the work is less approachable than romantic landscapes or renaissance portraits. The information provided might not be at the level of technical detail or with the story about slashed paintings that are presented in the tiktok video above, but I also think that an art museum isn’t supposed to be quite the same immersive educational experience as a natural history museum (many of which have exhibits explicitly planned to guide visitors through a lesson with videos, interactions, and a timeline).
There are also art museums that have a stronger focus on outreach and education than on simply presenting and exhibiting art. Some people go to art museums to learn about art, some people go to art museums to experience the emotions evoked by art; these are both valid reasons to go to museums, but the things that make the experience enjoyable for one group might make it less enjoyable for the other group. For instance, a video about the technical skill required to create a uniformly painted canvas presented in the gallery might help people learning about art to appreciate a color field painting more; a quiet gallery with few distractions might help people who are there to experience the contrasts between color field paintings and the emotions they evoke. The people who want to learn about art might feel alienated by a quiet gallery with small, non-contrasting labels and the people who are there to experience the art might feel frustrated if the gallery has more visual noise and crowding to explain various works.
Again - some museums are set up to do more education and have more comprehensive information than others, and even within one museum a special exhibit or installation might have more information for visitors than a painting in a side gallery that is part of a permanent collection.
Audio tours are a good way of meeting in the middle on this - for example, here’s the audio from the MoMA on the painting in the TikTok. Here’s an audio recording from the MoMA about another piece, Accumulation No. 1 by Yayoi Kusama, which includes reading from the artist’s diary and biographical information. These kinds of things are *extremely* common in art museums and used to be provided on tape. Here’s the LACMA’s menu of thematic audio tours.
Honestly if you are interested in modern art but have a bad time in modern art museums, I’d recommend seeing if there’s a children’s exhibit in your local modern art museum or if there is a modern art wing in a more general art museum that you could explore locally. The children’s exhibit thing is not a dig at anyone, by the way - those exhibits are approachable, educational, and fun for people of all ages and are a good way to approach a type of art that you are unfamiliar with.
Also, go to museum websites! If you know you’re going to be visiting a museum, check out the website ahead of time to see what’s on display and what information they have about the pieces; if you aren’t planning on going to a specific museum check out various websites and find art that you think is interesting - look at the museum’s info and then search for the artist online and see if you can find some commentary videos or documentaries if you want to.
It can suck to find yourself in a quiet gallery full of a bunch of stuff that looks boring and feel like you can’t ask anyone about anything or speak to anyone and that you just have to rock back on your heels and look at a sculpture made out of trash like it means something, but the museum wants people there and it wants people to enjoy the art, I promise! You can ask people questions and ask if there are guides or extra info and there will usually be something available. And if there isn’t, at least you know it’s not a museum you want to go back to.