iāve gotten a few responses here asking for some clarification on this paper and why making essentially squishy plants was important enough to make it into the plant science section of nature,Ā one of the most influential journals in the world, and iād be happy to oblige and break this down a little!!
so to start off, plants have two kinds of membranes around their cells, while animals only have one. one of these is called theĀ āplasma membraneā, which is a soft, squishy kind of membrane that we have as animals that just kind of holds everything in. the other kind that only plants have is called aĀ ācell wallā, which in plant cells surrounds the plasma membrane to basically hold everything in even more, and is really rigid and hard instead of squishy. the cell wall is made of a strong substance calledĀ ācelluloseā, which you prob have heard of before, which acts as a really strong support structure to hold up the plant and protect the cells. the cell wall has a lot of different functions, but one of the main ones is structural; the pressure between the cell wall and the water inside the plantās plasma membrane formingĀ āturgor pressureā, which keeps the plant upright (when a plant needs water, itās turgor pressure goes down, and there isnāt enough water in the cells to push against the cell wall to hold it upright. this is what causes wilting!)
now hereās the problem with cellulose: itās a BITCH to break down. in settings where people are trying to make biofuels and renewable oils from algae and plant materials (and being successful in limited amounts!!), cellulose is the biggest thing keeping the process from higher efficiency, making it harder for those techniques to keep up with fossil fuels. but removing the cell wall altogether wacks out the plantās turgor pressure, upon which a TON of natural processes and biological functions in plants are based (turns out that maintaining water pressure is really important when you dont have like, blood to keep stuff going!! or a heart to move shit around!!). so we need some kind of hard thing for the plant cells to push against to keep up hydraulic pressure, but it cellulose is too hard for efficient use in sustainable fuels.Ā
which brings us to this study. im sure u can tell where this is going now.Ā basically, these researchers were like,Ā āwhat if we just added a second plasma membrane?? so its like, thicker, but thereās no cellulose???ā.Ā
this worked well. like, really well. i have made an annotated version of some of their results:Ā
so in conclusion: this is a really cool paper, and not only did it show that it could be done, but they actually identified a ton of genes and transcription factors that could be modified to make replacement of a plant cell wall possible by other people.Ā
this is a huge generalization, of course- they have way more data in the paper here if yāall wanna see it for themselves- but overall??? this technology could be really big in increasing the viability and efficiency in biofuels and sustainable biochemicals to be used in stuff like cosmetics, fabrics, plastics, etc.Ā
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