The pool metaphor for disability is too simple. Disability is complex and we should treat it that way.
I saw this argument presented by a great Autistic about why Autism is a disability (which I agree with, I also think Autistics are disabled!!), but I disagreed with the way it was explained, and some of the reasoning. This person is great and I don't even know if they made up the metaphor, and I'm not going to mention them by name because I think that's not good to do?
The metaphor went like this: people are like swimmers in a pool. Some people swim differently, and they are fine and they get a thumbs up. Some people need a lifejacket because they can't swim. Only one needs accomodation. The ones who need accomodation are disabled.
I have some major gripes with this metaphor.
What is swimming differently Vs not swimming?
Whether or not someone can swim differently or if they can't swim at all ultimately doesn't matter in a pool where both groups are unable to participate. Sure, their are fundamental differences, but neither of them can function in this weird fucked up pool, so they're both disabled. That's what actually defines disability.
In real life we aren't given life jackets or thumbs ups and then the playing field is magically leveled. There are people who require assistance in our society that are not disabled because their needs are met automatically. The label of "needing support" only exists because that need isn't always filled.
We can argue about whether we can swim or not all we like, but the fact is, there are only man made differences between being different and inherently needing support. What counts as knowing how to swim is decided by people.
We all inherently need support. But disabled people's needs are treated as case by case individual needs, while non disabled or universal needs are built into the fibre of our society.
We need to stop acting like disability is something that can be identified with a magical birthmark that stays the same no matter what. It's a complex identity deeply related to our society, much like being queer, and how a man topping another man was not queer in ancient Greece.
Is there objective suffering that comes with many disabilities? Absolutely! But this is not what defines whether or not you are disabled. It doesn't matter if your condition is naturally "good" or "bad", because you're going to have a bad time regardless because we don't live in a pool with kind lifeguards, we live in a society run by greed.
Long story short, both the different swimmer and the non swimmer are disabled in a pool that doesn't allow them to swim. They are both subjugated.
This is the social model of disability.