#tyrosinase

[amber-tortoiseshell]

TYR - Tyrosinase

part 1

Part 2 - mammals

The enzyme encoded by this gene regulates several steps in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1).

Red-necked wallaby

albino

Inheritance: probably recessive.

image source

Mouse

intense chinchilla

chinchilla (two different mutations)

exteme dilution

extreme dilution mottled

ruby-eyed dilute

platinum

himalayan

acromelanic

albino mottling

albino (several different mutations)

Inheritance: all recessive to the wild type, intermediate on various degree between each other.

Due to the great number of alleles and the rarity of some of them, I only illustrate the four most common (those with a bold lettering).

first row: sepia (cch/cch), mock chocolate (cch/ce) - this one is a fox (tan instead of solid like the rest here, note the white belly), burmese (cch/ch), stone (cch/c), second row: beige (ce/ce), colorpoint beige (ce/ch), bone (ce/c), third row: siamese point (ch/ch), himalayan (ch/c), fourth row: albino (c/c). image sources

Rat

himalayan

albino

Inheritance: recessive to the wild type and intermediate with each other.

siamese (ch/ch), himalayan (ch/c), albino (c/c). image source

Syrian hamster

dark eared white

extreme dilution (mutation unknown yet)

Inheritance: recessive to the wild type and intermediate with each other.

dark eared white (cd/cd), compound heterozygote (cd/ce) and extreme dilute (ce/ce)

Mongolian gerbil

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Guinea pig

albino (probably the same as the himalayan allele)

Inheritence: recessive.

image source

Rabbit

chinchilla

sable (mutation unknown? i think)

himalayan

albino

Inheritance: all recessive to wild type, chinchilla is dominant over the rest, sable is intermediate with himalayan and albino, himalayan is dominant over albino.

chinchilla (cchd/_), seal sable (cchl/cchl), siamese sable (cchl/[ch or c]), himalayan (ch/[ch or c]), albino (c/c)

Dog

colorpoint (two confirmed mutations)

Inheritance: recessive.

image source, image source

Red fox

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Japanese racoon dog

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Domestic ferret

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

American mink

himalayan (marbled)

albino (regal white)

Inheritance: recessive to the wild type, interaction unknown.

himalayan, albino

Lion

white

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Domestic cat

sepia

mocha

point

albino (two mutations)

Inheritance: all recessive to the wild type and intermediate with each other except albino which is recessive to all other alleles.

mink (cb/cs), burmocha (cb/cm), mocha (cm/cm), point (cs/cs), sepia (cb/cb), siamocha (cm/cs); albino (c/c)

Cattle

albino (three mutations)

Inheritance: recessive.

OCA1A, OCA1B

Water buffalo

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

North American bison

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Red deer

white (dilute)

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Humpback whale

albino

Inheritance: probably recessive.

image source

Donkey

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Capuchin monkey

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Rhesus macaque

golden

albino

Inheritance: recessive to the wild type, interaction unknown.

golden, albino

Hamadryas baboon

colorpoint

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

[mau-mao]

Favorite Cat Coat Pattern

The tortoiseshell point Siamese!

Did you know? Siamese cats have a genetic mutation called the Himalayan gene, which produces temperature-sensitive pigment. Darker sections are due to cooler temps. and lighter sections are due to warmer temps.

Their coats can actually change colors depending on age and season.

[alithographica]

While the Siamese cat breed is the most notable example of this mutation, lots of other cat breeds have it - Tonkinese and Burmese, for example. Some rabbits and mice also show temperature sensitive point coloration.

Patreon | Instagram | Facebook | Twitter | deviantArt

Transcript under the break.

Siamese Cats Are Heat Maps

Classic Siamese cats have light cream-colored bodies with dark faces, ears, tails, and paws. This coloration is caused by a temperature-sensitive enzyme, making the cat a walking heat map.

Enzymes are protein molecules that help facilitate chemical reactions. One particular enzyme, tyrosinase, helps produce melanin, which is responsible for pigmentation in the skin and fur. However, Siamese cats carry a mutated tyrosinase gene. The mutated tyrosinase deactivates at high temperatures, halting melanin production. This causes the breed’s classic point coloration: Warm areas of the body remain white or cream while cooler areas become darker.

This is also why Siamese kittens are born white and develop color as they grow: while in utero, kittens stay uniformly warm, so the temperature difference appears only after birth. The enzyme also responds to heat changes in adulthood. Adult Siamese cats in cooler climates often have darker fur overall, and cats who have been shaved for grooming or surgery will have a patch of fur that temporarily grows in darker because the exposed skin was cooler.

References: https://www.technology.org/2014/07/29/mystery-siamese-cats/http://www.catster.com/lifestyle/cat-facts-genes-siamese-cats-temperature-sensitive-albino

[amber-tortoiseshell]

TYR - Tyrosinase

Part 1 - Non-mammalian vertebrates

part 2

The enzyme encoded by this gene regulates several steps in the conversion of tyrosine to melanin. Mutations in this gene result in oculocutaneous albinism (OCA1).

Medaka fish

albino (three different mutations)

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Axolotl

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Dark-spotted frog

albino (three different mutations)

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Japanese wrinkled frog

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Rice frog

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Ball phyton

albino (several mutations, one found so far)

candy/toffee (same mutation)

Inheritance: recessive to the wild type, intermediate with each other

homozygotes (albino/albino, candy/candy=toffee/toffee), compound heterozygote (candy/albino=toffee/albino - candino=toffino)

Japanese rat snake

albino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Chicken

recessive white

albino

red-eyed white (mutation unknown)

Inheritance: recessive to the wild type, interaction unknown.

recessive white (c/c), albino (ca/ca); i couldn't find a red-eyed white

Fischer's lovebird

non-sex-linked lutino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Green-cheeked parakeet

non-sex-linked lutino

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

Canary

pearl

Inheritance: recessive.

image source

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

The Scientific Research Notes Of S. Sunkavally (years: 2002-2011).

1615-1616.

[biology-geology-beaches-india]

The Scientific Research Notes Of S. Sunkavally (years: 2002-2011).

1613-1614.

[christianacunaskincare]

THE BEST SKINCARE FOR ANTI-AGING AND PIGMENTATION . Dull, uneven skin tone, patchiness and dark spots are nobody's best friend – yet most of us have had to contend with pigmentation in some way or another somewhere along the way. . At @christianacunaorganics We are always on the lookout for intelligent skin innovations that address those hints of an aging complexion. . CELLULAR REPARATIVE | RARE FACE CREAM Its ingredients act to inhibit tyrosinase (the enzyme that produces the pigment melanin, which causes dark skin spots and pigmentation) at the source. . This wonder drug targets fine lines and pigmentation as it speeds cell turnover and helps stimulate collagen production. . . . . . . #antiaging #antiagingskincare #antipigmentation #tyrosinase #retinol #healthylifestyle (at Sydney, Australia) https://www.instagram.com/p/CJ44vHFhRrR/?igshid=1h096s1nlqwc8

[mega-prajakta-123]

Tyrosinase Market 2020 Industry Size, Trends, Global Growth, Insights and Forecast Research Report 2025

Dec 04, 2019 (The Expresswire) -- Tyrosinase Market report delivers statistical overview on growth factors driving or restraining the market with top...