The 9 Elements of a VILLAIN
If weâre being honest, one character is always the most fun to develop when youâre writing a new story. It must be the main character, right? The person youâre going to follow throughout the story, the one that means the most to you?
Nope. Itâs the villain.
Villains are just FUN. You get to creep into the darkest corners of your writer brain and conjure up the most unashamedly detestable human being you possibly can.Â
This is how we look when we begin creating a villain.Â
But sometimes, it can be difficult to to make sure theyâre fully believable humans. So here are the nine elements that have helped me out when developing these terrible people âŚÂ
The relationship between the main character and the villain is the most important one in the story, because it is the source of all conflict. Without the villain causing trouble, the main character wouldnât have the chance to be a hero. Without that trouble, the main characterâs weaknesses wouldnât be pressured, which means they couldnât change. The villain is a condensed and magnified embodiment of the inner weakness that the hero is battling. Theyâre the SHADOW of hero, the example of what will happen if the main character goes down the wrong path. Both are facing the same problem in different ways. For example Darth Vader and Luke. Â
In the pursuit of stopping the hero from achieving their goal, the villain is going to attack them on 1) a personal relationship level 2) a societal level and 3) an inner level. Theyâre going to attack the people around them, theyâre going to cause consequences for the community surrounding them, theyâre going to get into their head and plague them. Because the hallmark of a villain is that theyâre the person whoâs perfectly suited to attack the heroâs greatest weakness. Villains should have a distinct set of tactics to destroy the main character, on at least two levels.Â
This oneâs expected. Of course a villain has flaws, itâs in the job description. But flaws do not equate to âHe kicks turtles every morning before breakfastâ or âHis favorite hobby is butterfly stompingâ or, more within the realm of possibility, âHe wants to kill the heroâ. These are evil actions, NOT flaws. A lot of villains, particularly in movies, will be given horrible things to do without any explanation for WHY they do them. And itâs pretty easy to give them reasons: just give them human weaknesses! Thatâs it. Whether the actions they take are as small as theft or as big as blowing up a planet, these actions stem from recognizable HUMAN FLAWS. So like a main character, a villain needs mental and moral flaws. Â
Yup, even Maleficent has human flaws. And sheâs a dragon part of the time.Â
All characters exist because they want something. And what do villains want? To get whatever the main character wants (for very different reasons), to stop them from reaching their goal, or another goal that directly conflicts with the heroâs goal. As long as that big tangible thing they want locks hero and villain in battle, youâre good. Think 101 Dalmatians: Cruella and the good guys are fighting over the puppies. Â
5) Surface Motivations:Â Â
Why is it that villains always have a team of followers? Because villains never outright state their true motivations. They always have a cover story, and that cover will paint them as righteous. Villains want to look like the good guy. So their real Hidden Motivations are defended by twisting perceptions of Good & Evil, by portraying evil acts in a positive light, by indulging their followers selfish emotions and desire to feel like âone of the good guys. âÂ
Take Gothel for example: sheâs a loving mother who wants to protect her daughter from all the worldâs darkness. (Sure you do, Flynn stabber.)Â Â
Surface Motivations never stand up to logical scrutiny and a functioning moral compass, but giving your bad guy a compelling argument against your good side always makes things more interesting, which brings us to âŚ
The main character needs to learn some kind of truth that will enable them to fix their lives, overcome their weaknesses, banish their ghosts. Itâs whatever statement about âhow to live a better lifeâ you want to prove with your story. Your villain has other ideas. They donât agree with that statement, have other beliefs about living life well, and represent an argument against it. For example, Voldemort: âthere is no good and evil, there is only power, and those too weak to seek it."Â
Although your argument isnât very convincing, Voldy. I mean, youâre living in the back of some guyâs head.
This is everything on the surface of the villain. The way they speak, the way they look, the way they act, their role in life, their status and power. This is the facade they project for the world to see, a calculated effort to control how they are perceived. This is closely connected to that surface want, because that surface is what they wish people to believe about them. Over time, the reader and the other characters are going to be able to see through this mask and see what it conceals. My favorite Disney example of this is Mother Gothel: on the surface sheâs this bubbly mom who loves Rapunzel and wants to protect her from the harshness of the world.Â
You can think of this as the text âŚÂ
And this is the subtext. That surface motivation they want the world to believe is a mask concealing their true motivation, which is always rooted in their flaws, Â selfishness, and skewed beliefs.Â
9) Ghosts, Justification, Self-Obsession:Â
These three are closely related, so they get counted together.
Like main characters, villains have GHOSTS: events from their backstories that knocked their worldviews out of alignment, that marked the beginning of their weaknesses, that haunt them still. Because these happened, the originally benign person allowed themselves to turn into someone who could occupy the job of "villainâ in a story. Usually, these events are genuine misfortunes and are worthy of sympathy, just like the ghosts of a main character. Think of Voldemort growing up in an orphanage talking to snakes.
BUT! When it comes to ghosts, the major difference between a hero and a villain is HOW THEY DEAL with these unpleasant past events. Both have suffered, but react to suffering in very different ways. A villain will be consumed by these events, obsessed with the real (or imagined) persecution or disadvantage theyâve endured, convinced that all personal responsibility is nullified by their status of injured party. Past tragedies become a talisman that grants immunity from decency.Â
This scene from A Series of Unfortunate Events sums it up. Â An adult makes an excuse for a terrible person by saying he had a terrible childhood. And Klaus replies:Â
Yes, maybe theyâve both lived through tragedy. But THE KIDS arenât hurting others because of it.Â
Because villains, who are constantly victimizing heroes, are completely convinced that THEY are the true victims here. No matter what they do, no matter what they are, they blame everything on that ghost, whether it was another person, society, or circumstances. And later they blame the hero, who they see as the REAL villain. For example, Frollo from The Hunchback of Notre Dame: Â
âItâs not my fault, Iâm not to blameâ
So! WHY are villains like this?
SELF-OBSESSION! Yup, villains spend an unhealthy amount of time thinking about themselves and their plights and their plots. Think of any villain and itâs not hard to see the inherent narcissism behind everything they do. Like willingness to take action is the nonnegotiable trait of a main character, self-obsession is the trait that all villains seem to share.Â
So! Developing villains in this way has worked out for me so far. If it looks like it might be helpful for you, give it a try.
And in the spirit of creating someone to torment our main characters and ruin their lives, hereâs one more maniacal laugh for the road:
