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@kurithevegan
So there’s this company making paper out of rock dust. It’s super eco-friendly, and apparently way better than regular paper. But guys... THEY’RE TURNING ROCK INTO PAPER. Someone please write this Rock, Paper, Scissors fan fiction.
Solar System: 10 Things to Know This Week
Pioneer Days
Someone’s got to be first. In space, the first explorers beyond Mars were Pioneers 10 and 11, twin robots who charted the course to the cosmos.
1-Before Voyager
Voyager, with its outer solar system tour and interstellar observations, is often credited as the greatest robotic space mission. But today we remember the plucky Pioneers, the spacecraft that proved Voyager’s epic mission was possible.
2-Where No One Had Gone Before
Forty-five years ago this week, scientists still weren’t sure how hard it would be to navigate the main asteroid belt, a massive field of rocky debris between Mars and Jupiter. Pioneer 10 helped them work that out, emerging from first the first six-month crossing in February 1973. Pioneer 10 logged a few meteoroid hits (fewer than expected) and taught engineers new tricks for navigating farther and farther beyond Earth.
3-Trailblazer No. 2
Pioneer 11 was a backup spacecraft launched in 1973 after Pioneer 10 cleared the asteroid belt. The new mission provided a second close look at Jupiter, the first close-up views of Saturn and also gave Voyager engineers plotting an epic multi-planet tour of the outer planets a chance to practice the art of interplanetary navigation.
4-First to Jupiter
Three-hundred and sixty-three years after humankind first looked at Jupiter through a telescope, Pioneer 10 became the first human-made visitor to the Jovian system in December 1973. The spacecraft spacecraft snapped about 300 photos during a flyby that brought it within 81,000 miles (about 130,000 kilometers) of the giant planet’s cloud tops.
5-Pioneer Family
Pioneer began as a Moon program in the 1950s and evolved into increasingly more complicated spacecraft, including a Pioneer Venus mission that delivered a series of probes to explore deep into the mysterious toxic clouds of Venus. A family portrait (above) showing (from left to right) Pioneers 6-9, 10 and 11 and the Pioneer Venus Orbiter and Multiprobe series. Image date: March 11, 1982.
6-A Pioneer and a Pioneer
Classic rock has Van Halen, we have Van Allen. With credits from Explorer 1 to Pioneer 11, James Van Allen was a rock star in the emerging world of planetary exploration. Van Allen (1914-2006) is credited with the first scientific discovery in outer space and was a fixture in the Pioneer program. Van Allen was a key part of the team from the early attempts to explore the Moon (he’s pictured here with Pioneer 4) to the more evolved science platforms aboard Pioneers 10 and 11.
7-The Farthest…For a While
For more than 25 years, Pioneer 10 was the most distant human-made object, breaking records by crossing the asteroid belt, the orbit of Jupiter and eventually even the orbit of Pluto. Voyager 1, moving even faster, claimed the most distant title in February 1998 and still holds that crown.
8-Last Contact
We last heard from Pioneer 10 on Jan. 23, 2003. Engineers felt its power source was depleted and no further contact should be expected. We tried again in 2006, but had no luck. The last transmission from Pioneer 11 was received in September 1995. Both missions were planned to last about two years.
9-Galactic Ghost Ships
Pioneers 10 and 11 are two of five spacecraft with sufficient velocity to escape our solar system and travel into interstellar space. The other three—Voyagers 1 and 2 and New Horizons—are still actively talking to Earth. The twin Pioneers are now silent. Pioneer 10 is heading generally for the red star Aldebaran, which forms the eye of Taurus (The Bull). It will take Pioneer over 2 million years to reach it. Pioneer 11 is headed toward the constellation of Aquila (The Eagle) and will pass nearby in about 4 million years.
10-The Original Message to the Cosmos
Years before Voyager’s famed Golden Record, Pioneers 10 and 11 carried the original message from Earth to the cosmos. Like Voyager’s record, the Pioneer plaque was the brainchild of Carl Sagan who wanted any alien civilization who might encounter the craft to know who made it and how to contact them. The plaques give our location in the galaxy and depicts a man and woman drawn in relation to the spacecraft.
Read the full version of this week’s 10 Things article HERE.
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.
Help Explore Your Own Solar Neighborhood
We’re always making amazing discoveries about the farthest reaches of our universe, but there’s also plenty of unexplored territory much closer to home.
Our “Backyard Worlds: Planet 9” is a citizen science project that asks curious people like you — yes, you there! — to help us spot objects in the area around our own solar system like brown dwarfs. You could even help us figure out if our solar system hosts a mysterious Planet 9!
In 2009, we launched the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE). Infrared radiation is a form of light that humans can’t see, but WISE could. It scans the sky for infrared light, looking for galaxies, stars and asteroids. Later on, scientists started using it to search for near-Earth objects (NEOWISE) like comets and asteroids.
These searches have already turned up so much data that researchers have trouble hunting through all of it. They can’t do it on their own. That’s why we asked everyone to chip in. If you join Backyard Worlds: Planet 9, you’ll learn how to look at noisy images of space and spot previously unidentified objects.
You’ll figure out how to tell the difference between real objects, like planets and stars, and artifacts. Artifacts are blurry blobs of light that got scattered around in WISE’s instruments while it was looking at the sky. These “optical ghosts” sometimes look like real objects.
Why can’t we use computers to do this, you ask? Well, computers are good at lots of things, like crunching numbers. But when it comes to recognizing when something’s a ghostly artifact and when it’s a real object, humans beat software all the time. After some practice, you’ll be able to recognize which objects are real and which aren’t just by watching them move!
One of the things our citizen scientists look for are brown dwarfs, which are balls of gas too big to be planets and too small to be stars. These objects are some of our nearest neighbors, and scientists think there’s probably a bunch of them floating around nearby, we just haven’t been able to find all of them yet.
But since Backyard Worlds launched on February 15, 2016, our volunteers have spotted 432 candidate brown dwarfs. We’ve been able to follow up 20 of these with ground-based telescopes so far, and 17 have turned out to be real!
Image Credit: Ryan Trainor, Franklin and Marshall College
How do we know for sure that we’ve spotted actual, bona fide, authentic brown dwarfs? Well, like with any discovery in science, we followed up with more observation. Our team gets time on ground-based observatories like the InfraRed Telescope Facility in Hawaii, the Magellan Telescope in Chile (pictured above) and the Apache Point Observatory in New Mexico and takes a closer look at our candidates. And sure enough, our participants found 17 brown dwarfs!
But we’re not done! There’s still lots of data to go through. In particular, we want your help looking for a potential addition to our solar system’s census: Planet 9. Some scientists think it’s circling somewhere out there past Pluto. No one has seen anything yet, but it could be you! Or drop by and contribute to our other citizen science projects like Disk Detective.
Congratulations to the citizen scientists who spotted these 17 brown dwarfs: Dan Caselden, Rosa Castro, Guillaume Colin, Sam Deen, Bob Fletcher, Sam Goodman, Les Hamlet, Khasan Mokaev, Jörg Schümann and Tamara Stajic.
Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com.
Nooooooo!
People don’t realise how hard it is to make big (or even small) decisions as an INFJ. My idealistic side says, “This is the perfect way to go,” while my inner realist says, “Are you sure it’ll even work that way?” . #infj #introvert #introvertproblems #realist #idealist
Whether it’s anxiety, being an introvert, or you just fed up with people’s BS, remember that it’s OK and important to take care of yourself. . Repost from @thebalancedblonde (The Repost app wasn’t working for me today 😕) #introvert #anxiety #fedup #yoga #introvertproblems
I’m so glad I’ve picked up lifting again, AND have a regular routine. My arms have never had this much bulk! I also now finally feel worthy to wear this shirt 😄 . #lift #lifting #muscle #fitness
I pushed my speed again, this time on 10k 👍🏻. And since I wasn’t as tired afterward as I normally get on a 5k, I could have run even faster ✌🏻😄 I also finally discovered how important it is to utilise the training functions on a treadmill 👌 . #running #lifefitness #10k #runnersofinstagram #fitness #fitlife
Are you, or someone you know, longing to attend Space Camp, but the funds just aren’t there? The Mars Generation scholarships are now open! It covers a week at Space Camp, travel, a flight suit, and a bit of spending money! . Just fill out the application at themarsgeneration.org/scholarships. . #TMGscholars #themarsgeneration #spacecamp #journeytomars #space
OMG, grammar check, make up your mind! 🙄😄 #dyac #spellcheck #grammarcheck
Finally got my medal for completing the Total Solar Eclipse 10k 👍🏻 . #totalsolareclipse #greatamericaneclipse #10k #virtualrunningclub @virtualrunningclub
Sometimes, you just want that Sunday afternoon joe. I like this simple mug from my favourite local coffee house. . #coffee #pourover #relaxing #☕️ #olddrumcoffeehouse #warrensburgmo #ucmo
I look old and tired, but I promise it’s the makeup! 😄 I channelled a bit of my inner Helena Bonham Carter as a dead pirate for trick-or-treaters last night. No matter how much I tried, I couldn’t get the camera to pick up what the makeup actually looked like, though 😕 #pirate #zombie #helenabonhamcarter #halloween #costume #fancydress #halloweencostume
I just hope it’s something I like 👍🏻 . #oreo #oreos #mysteryoreo #fatkid
5k is my minimum distance when I run, but I really went for it today. 👍🏻 Hard work pays off, and so does tracking your progress. I may think of 2013-14 to be the time I was the fittest of my life, but in looking back I’ve only improved since then. 💪🏻🏃♀️ #fitness #runkeeper @runkeeper #running #runner #5k #progress