faÉȘ.Ér ÉȘz kÉtÊÉȘĆ

pixel skylines
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Not today Justin
Sade Olutola

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Andulka
Color Me Curious
Cosimo Galluzzi

bliss lane
I'd rather be in outer space đž

shark vs the universe
The Bowery Presents
noise dept.
$LAYYYTER
hello vonnie

Product Placement
EXPECTATIONS

tannertan36
No title available
NASA

seen from Brazil
seen from Germany

seen from United States

seen from Australia
seen from United States
seen from Brazil

seen from Congo - Brazzaville
seen from United Kingdom
seen from United Kingdom

seen from Germany

seen from TĂŒrkiye
seen from TĂŒrkiye

seen from Indonesia

seen from Brazil

seen from Australia
seen from Costa Rica
seen from United States

seen from Spain
seen from TĂŒrkiye

seen from United States
@love-linguistics
faÉȘ.Ér ÉȘz kÉtÊÉȘĆ
I love when people call pidgin languages pigeon languages I just see this cute little pigeon trying to consolidate the grammar of one language with the vocabulary of another it makes me so happy
Also your word for "today" is actually five words in a trenchcoat. "aujourd'hui" is "a + le + jour + de + hui" in which "hui" is the etymological "today", same route as Spanish "hoy" and Italian "oggi". You pompous bagel eaters can't just say "today", you have to say "In The Day Of Today".
but wait, because there is a common expression that really rustles my jimmies, that is âau jour dâaujourdâhuiâ which basically means âas of nowâ, but if you translate it literally it becomes âin the day of the day of todayâ
if i could physically kill the french language i would
five words in a trenchcoat
Donât blame French - blame Latin and the unraveling of the Roman empire.Â
Because the thing is, that hui part in the French word comes from Latin hodie, meaning today, or, literally, on this day. It was originally written as hĆc diÄ (on this day), and at some point someone decided it made sense to start defining the current day as *ad illum diurnum de hodie, literally in that day of this day (note: when talking about linguistics, the * indicates that itâs likely this expression or word existed but we havenât found a written source so we donât have actual proof; there are languages consisting entirely of *words and *verbs, which is both parts awesome and sad). And, you know, this is the kind of thing that tends to happen to you when your empire falls apart and collapses around your ears: in the time of Caesar, Rome was a highly networked society where politicians, lawyers and writers were constantly talking and declaming and chattering. The level of debate was very high, everybody would read everybody elseâs books, and if you missed Caius Whateverusâ latest speech at the Senate, boy, were you fucked - it was like back in the 1990s when you were taken to grandmaâs house and she didnât have the right channel and you missed an entire episode of Lady Oscar and good fucking luck ever finding out all the details or catching a rerun somewhere.Â
(Iâm not still bitter about that episode, by the way. Not at all. Lisa did her best to explain the intricacies of 18th century France, and itâs okay if she didnât get it because she wasnât really watching because playing with her stupid Polly Pockets was more important than the French revolution - I get it. Youâre forgiven, Lisa.)
Anyway - in those circumstances, language changes at eye-watering speed, because, man, everyone is so clever and so creative and there are so many people playing with words you can hardly keep up with any of it - and, of course, we all know what thatâs like, since the internet has amped that up to eleven (an expression coined by a 1984 mockumentary, by the way, a thing I havenât seen but it doesnât matter, and I donât understand the verb amp, either, which is short for amplify, and nobody even uses amplifiers anymore but eleven is a weirdly excessive number and bigger than ten and so it all sort of works because language is beautiful).Â
But when Rome started to disintegrate - well. All of a sudden, people were isolated. They were busy surviving or wondering what the hell was even going on, so linguistic creativity was not exactly a priority, and neither was reading, and after a few decades (or centuries) words that used to be common were suddenly kind of unclear. This is why, we assume, Late Latin started to use that convoluted way to refer to today - because hodie was a contracted word, and no longer clear. And what made matters even worse was that in French, the word hodie had, over time, shortened to huy, which etymologically didnât mean anything anymore. People knew it was supposed to mean today, but nothing inside the word suggested why that would be, and so they started making it longer for clarity: ce jour dâhuy, or au jour dâhuy (in the day of today). This phenomenon is known as âexpansionâ, because youâre literally making a word longer (in this case, in order to improve clarity). Of course, human beings are lazy, which means the process normally goes the other way - and this is why today, aujourdâhui is spelled as one word instead of four and tomorrow will probably become judu or something, until someone looks at it and is like, What the fuck does that even mean and changes it to en ce jour de judu and yep, weâre one insane and unhealthy species - tell me again how the waggle dance is an unnecessarily baroque form of communication? Right.
So, you know - donât hate French. French is awesome.
#484
In your conlang, /r/ and /l/ should both have a null allomorph when the words they are in get too hot. Yes, even in your conlang, liquids can evaporate.
when did tumblr collectively decide not to use punctuation like when did this happen why is this a thing
it just looks so smooth I mean look at this sentence flow like a jungle river
ACTUALLY
This is really exciting, linguistically speaking.
Because itâs not true that Tumblr never uses punctuation. But it is true that lack of punctuation has become, itself, a form of punctuation. On Tumblr the lack of punctuation in multisentence-long posts creates the function of rhetorical speech, or speech that is not intended to have an answer, usually in the form of a question. Consider the following two potential posts. Each individual line should be taken as a post:
ugh is there any particular reason people at work have to take these massive handfuls of sauce packets they know theyâre not going to use like god put that back we have to pay for that stuff
Ugh. Is there any particular reason people at work have to take these massive handfuls of sauce packets they know theyâre not going to use? Like god, put that back. We have to pay for that stuff.
In your head, those two potential posts sound totally different. In the first one Iâm ranting about work, and this requires no answer. The second may actually engage you to give an answer about hoarding sauce packets. And if you answer the first post, you will likely do so in the same style.Â
Hereâs what makes this exciting: the English language has no actual punctuation for rhetorical speechâthat is, there are no special marks that specifically indicate âthis speech is in the abstract, and requires no answer.â Not only that, it never has. The first written record of English (actually proto-English, predating even Old English) dates to the 400s CE, so weâre talking about 1600 years of having absolutely no marker whatsoever for rhetorical speech.
A group of teens and young adults on a blogging website literally reshaped a deficit a millennium and a half old in our language to fit their language needs. More! This group has agreed on a more or less universal standard for these new rules, which fits the definition of âlanguage.â Which is to say Tumblr English is its own actual, real, separate dialect of the English language, and because it is spoken by people worldwide who have introduced concepts from their own languages into it, it may qualify as a written form of pidgin.Â
Tumblr English should literally be treated as its own language, because it does not follow the rules of any form of formal written English, and yet it does have its own consistent internal rules. If you donât think thatâs cool as fuck then I donât even know what to tell you.
i love this post
âchuffed doesnt mean what you think it meansâ
it means exactly what i think it means its just some stupid word that literally has two definitions that mean the opposite thing
what the hell
This makes me really chuffed
This post is quite egregious
Well Iâm nonplussed by this whole post.
goddamnit.
all of you go to hell
And you wonder why i am boggled at times
These are called contronyms! A word that is its own opposite.
Why the fuck do these exist
One theory is that the sarcastic use of the word became exceedingly prevalent and because another dictionary definition.Â
Are you telling me that we were such sarcastic shits it literally changed our language.
@mypronounsareherrchancellor @herchancellor Have a kek
This is literally the silliest thing
one of my favourite linguistic phenomena/in-jokes is spanish potato chips being âham-flavored, probablyâ
yâsee because spain and portugal are so close, labels in stuff like food, shampoo, etc often come in portuguese as well as spanish
this brand of chips, Layâs, displays the flavor in spanish and portuguese, resulting in ham-flavored chips looking like this:
with âjamĂłnâ being spanish and âpresuntoâ being portuguese
however, âpresuntoâ is also a spanish adjective, meaning âpresumedâ (or suspected)
so you have this in-joke going where spanish chips taste like ham, presumably
One of my favorite linguistic phenomena is rebracketing, which is when a word or words is/are redivided differently, either two words becoming one, one word heard as two, or part of one word interpreted as part of the other. This frequently happens with articles, for example:
apron was originally napron, but âa napronâ was interpreted as âan apronâ
newt comes from ewt by the same process
nickname comes from Middle English nekename which in turn came from ekename (an ekename -> a nekename) where âekeâ was an old word meaning âalsoâ or âadditionalâ (so basically âan additional nameâ)
ammunition comes from French amunition, which came from munition, the phrase la munition being heard as lâamunition.
the nickname Ned comes from Ed, via âmine Edâ being heard as âmy Nedâ (in archaic English, âmyâ and âmineâ had the same relationship as âaâ and âanâ), same with several other nicknames like Nell
The word âorangeâ ulimately derives from the Arabic nÄranj, via French âorangeâ, the n being lost via a similar process involving the indefinite article, e.g., something like French âune norangeâ becoming âune orangeâ (itâs unclear which specific Romance language it first happened in)
in the Southern US at least (not sure about elsewhere), âanotherâ is often analyzed as âa notherâ, hence the phrase âa whole notherâ
omelet has a whole series of interesting changes; it comes from French omelette, earlier alemette (swapping around the /l/ and /m/), from alemelle from an earlier lemelle (la lemelle -> lâalemelle)
Related to this, sometimes two words, especially when borrowed into another language, will be taken as one. Numerous words were borrowed from Arabic with the definite article al- attached to them. Spanish el lagarto became English alligator. An interesting twist is admiral, earlier amiral (the d probably got in there from the influence of words like âadministerâ) from Arabic amir al- (lord of the ___), particularly the phrase amir al-bahr, literally âlord of the seaâ.
Sometimes the opposite happens. A foreign word will look like two words, or like a word with an affix. For example, the Arabic kitaab was borrowed into Swahili as kitabu. ki- happens to be the singular form of one of the Swahili genders, and so it was interpreted as ki-tabu. To form the plural of that gender, you replace ki- with vi-, thus, âbooksâ in Swahili is vitabu. The Greek name Alexander became, in Arabic, Iskander, with the initial al- heard as the article al-.
Similarly, the English word Cherry came from Old Norman French cherise, with the s on the end interpreted as the plural -s. Interestingly enough, that word came from Vulgar Latin ceresia, a feminine singular noun, but originally the plural of the neuter noun ceresium! So a Latin plural was reinterpreted as a singular in Vulgar Latin, which in turn was interpreted as a plural when borrowed into English!
The English suffix -burger used with various foods (e.g., cheeseburger, or more informally chickenburger, etc.) was misanlyzed from Hamburger as Ham-burger, itself from the city of Hamburg
This can happen even with native words. Modern French once is used for the snow leopard, but originally meant âlynxâ. In Old French, it was lonce (ultimately from the same source as lynx), which was reinterpreted as lâonce! In English, the word âpeaâ was originally âpeaseâ, but that looked like it had the plural -s on it, and so the word âpeaâ was created from it.  Likewise, the adjective lone came from alone, heard as âa loneâ, but alone itself came originally from all one.
when i was 5 i remember my older sister called me âannuisanceâ a lot to her friends.
Throwback to the time my poor German teacher had to explain the concept of formal and informal pronouns to a class full of Australians and everyone was scandalised and loudly complained âwhy canât I treat everyone the same?â âI donât want to be a Sie!â âbut being friendly is respectful!â âwouldnât using âduâ just show I like them?â until one guy conceded âI suppose maybe Iâd use Sie with someone like the prime minister, if he werenât such a cuntâ and my teacher ended up with her head in her hands saying âyou are all banned from using du until I can trust youâ
God help Japanese teachers in Australia.
if this isnt an accurate representation of australia idk what is
Australiaâs reverse-formality respect culture is fascinating. We donât even really think about it until we try to communicate or learn about another culture and the rules that are pretty standard for most of the world just feel so wrong. I went to America this one time and I kept automatically thinking that strangers using âsirâ and âmaâamâ were sassing me.Â
Australians could not be trusted with a language with ingrained tiers of formal address. The most formal forms would immediately become synonyms for âgo fuck yourselfâ and if you werenât using the most informal version possible within three sentences of meeting someone theyâd take it to mean you hated them.
100% true.
the difference between ââscuse meâ and âexcuse meâ is a fistfight
See also: the Australian habit of insulting people by way of showing affection, which other English-speakers also do, but not in a context where deescalating the spoken invective actively increases the degree of offence intended, particularly if youâve just been affectionately-insulting with someone else.
By which I mean: if youâve just called your best mate an absolute dickhead, you canât then call a hated politician something thatâs (technically) worse, like a total fuckwit, because that would imply either that you were really insulting your mate or that you like the politician. Instead, you have to use a milder epithet, like bastard, to convey your seething hatred for the second person. But if your opening conversational gambit is slagging someone off, then itâs acceptable to go big (âThe PMâs a total cockstain!â) at the outset.
Also note that different modifiers radically change the meaning of particular insults. Case in point: calling someone a fuckinâ cunt is a deadly insult, calling someone a mad cunt is a compliment, and calling someone a fuckinâ mad cunt means youâre literally in awe of them. Because STRAYA.Â
case in point: the âHoward DJs like a mad cuntâ meme.
I recommend this bloody good article by Mark Di Stefano of Buzzfeed Australia about the origin of John Howardâs DJ skills: We Found The Guy Behind Australiaâs Greatest Ever Meme.
@armoured-escort
AUSTRAILIA WHY
SOMEBODY PLEASE EXPLAIN
ALSO IâM SORRY IF I KEEP TAGGING YOU IN AUSTRAILIAN RELATED SHIT
BUT YOUâRE THE ONLY AUSTRAILIAN I KNOW
AND I MUST VERIFY
Itâs all true, believe me. I reckon it has something to do with being geographically isolated and having a massive convict background during colonisation. Then you have huge immigration influxes from all over the world, and the fact that we like to shorten names into things like âDazzaâ, âMaccasâ, and âShaz.â
Also, when they shout âFang It!â in Mad Max Fury Road, that is a thing that is regularly shouted in the suburbs.
I donât know why we evolved our language like this.
I remember in French class in high school, I used âtuâ for everyone automatically. My teacher was always correcting me to 'vousâ when I talked to her. - Molly
The film Arrival came out last week, with a linguist as its hero! The movie deals with xenolinguistics and how we could learn to communicate with aliens. The studio asked linguists from McGill University to consult on the movie, and we recently got a chance to talk with professors Jessica Coon, Morgan Sonderegger, and Lisa Travis about their experiences! We discussed:
- their involvement in the movie - their thoughts on analyzing alien speech and writing - the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis and linguistic determinism - linguistic fieldwork - language variation and finding it in sci-fi
And much more! There are some spoilers for the movie in the interviews. Looking forward to hearing what people have to say!
Reblog for the day crew! ^_^
We will post our thoughts once we see the movie!
A fun article from Atlas Obscura explaining the âitâs gonna be mayâ meme:
Itâs not super fun to explain a meme, but we kind of have to, so: The âitâs gonna be mayâ meme is a reference to NSYNCâs 2000 hit âItâs Gonna Be Me,â in which lead singer Timberlake memorably sings the title of the song as âitâs gonna be may.â But I think what makes the meme resonate is that âitâs gonna be mayâ is just one example of a linguistic tendency that was weirdly popular in the late 1990s and early 2000s.
Think of Mandy Mooreâs âCan-day,â Britney Spears growling âoh bay-bay bay-bay,â Gwen Stefani chanting âhey bay-bay hey bay-bay HEY.â The trend to turn the âeeâ sound into âayâ continued for years, maybe most memorably in Gnarls Barkleyâs âCrazy.â (Cray-zay, really.) This isnât one guyâs vocal quirk: this is a trend, maybe a virus. Why did all these singers change their vowels in that particular way? [âŠ]
Except, most of those examples, especially âitâs gonna be mayâ and âcanday,â arenât especially high notes for Justin Timberlake or Mandy Moore. They arenât actually straining to hit them. So why are they acting like they are?
Lewisâs theory, which makes sense to me, is that this is an attempt to co-opt the signifiers of intensity without actually needing to use them. Wonder sings âbaybayâ late in âSuperstitionâ because heâs worked his energy level up, heâs hitting a high, hard note, it bursts out naturally because thatâs the way itâs comfortable for him to sing it. âItâs gonna be mayâ is not like that; Timberlake could sing a clean âmeâ there perfectly comfortably. But listeners like the intensity of lines like Wonderâs; itâs big and bold and passionate. And Wonderâs vowel sound there has come to indicate to listeners that heâs being big and bold and passionate. Timberlake, Moore, and Spears all justâŠuse that signifier, without any of the physiological need for it. Itâs fake energy. Fake passion.
Read the whole thing.
See also these articles about the linguistics of indie pop voice and pop punk voice.
when did tumblr collectively decide not to use punctuation like when did this happen why is this a thing
it just looks so smooth I mean look at this sentence flow like a jungle river
ACTUALLY
This is really exciting, linguistically speaking.
Because itâs not true that Tumblr never uses punctuation. But it is true that lack of punctuation has become, itself, a form of punctuation. On Tumblr the lack of punctuation in multisentence-long posts creates the function of rhetorical speech, or speech that is not intended to have an answer, usually in the form of a question. Consider the following two potential posts. Each individual line should be taken as a post:
ugh is there any particular reason people at work have to take these massive handfuls of sauce packets they know theyâre not going to use like god put that back we have to pay for that stuff
Ugh. Is there any particular reason people at work have to take these massive handfuls of sauce packets they know theyâre not going to use? Like god, put that back. We have to pay for that stuff.
In your head, those two potential posts sound totally different. In the first one Iâm ranting about work, and this requires no answer. The second may actually engage you to give an answer about hoarding sauce packets. And if you answer the first post, you will likely do so in the same style.Â
Hereâs what makes this exciting: the English language has no actual punctuation for rhetorical speechâthat is, there are no special marks that specifically indicate âthis speech is in the abstract, and requires no answer.â Not only that, it never has. The first written record of English (actually proto-English, predating even Old English) dates to the 400s CE, so weâre talking about 1600 years of having absolutely no marker whatsoever for rhetorical speech.
A group of teens and young adults on a blogging website literally reshaped a deficit a millennium and a half old in our language to fit their language needs. More! This group has agreed on a more or less universal standard for these new rules, which fits the definition of âlanguage.â Which is to say Tumblr English is its own actual, real, separate dialect of the English language, and because it is spoken by people worldwide who have introduced concepts from their own languages into it, it may qualify as a written form of pidgin.Â
Tumblr English should literally be treated as its own language, because it does not follow the rules of any form of formal written English, and yet it does have its own consistent internal rules. If you donât think thatâs cool as fuck then I donât even know what to tell you.
i love this post
This is super cool! Also idk if this has any relevance whatsoever but if you wanna have an argument inside one tag you cannot have commas in it so thatâs a real existing constraint that has forced tumblrites to construct commaless sentences and perhaps this has helped in adopting the custom into posts as well ok I have no idea if this is whatâs happened just I think itâs a reasonable assumption there might be a connection
i am gay and cold. reblog if you are also gay and cold
Sou gay e frio. Reblogue se vocĂȘ Ă© gay e frio.
Soy gay y estoy frĂa. Rebloguea si eres gay y estĂĄs frĂa.
ŰŁÙۧ Ù Ű«ÙÙŰ© Ù ŰšŰ±ŰŻŰ§Ùۧ. ۱ÙŰšÙÙŰŹ ۄ۰ۧ Ű„ÙŰȘÙۧ Ù Ű«ÙÙÙ Ù ÙÙ Ű§Ù ŰšŰ±ŰŻŰ§ÙÙÙ
Mi estas samseksema kaj malvarma. Reblogo se vi estas ankaĆ gaja kaj malvarma
Mir ist kalt und ich bin schwul. Reblogge wenn dir auch kalt ist und du auch schwul bist
French people, DECIDE
Fun French Fact: whether you write âje suis froid(e)â or âj'ai froidâ depends on how you interpret the original post! If you think it means âIâm gay and I am cold because it is freezing outside,â you would use âj'ai froidâ BUT if you think it means âIâm gay and ice cold to these ridiculous straights expecting me to be warm and cuddly,â you use âje suis froid(e)â. Also, âgayâ is an anglicism synonymous with the French âhomosexuel(le)â or âgaie,â but âgaieâ can also be an antiquated word for âhappy, warm, and cuddlyâ (like in English) so if you say âje suis gaie et froideâ youâre contradicting yourself a little bit.
#476
The negation particle has worn down to a null morpheme, so whether a sentence is positive or negative must be determined from context.
âMost of these chemicals are safe. However, some of them are safe. You must handle them with caution, and it goes without saying that you must eat them.â
settle this for me once and for all
is âchaiâ a TYPE of tea??! bc in Hindi/Urdu, the word chai just means tea
its like spicy cinnamon tea instead of bland gross black tea
I think the chai that me and all other Muslims that I know drink is just black tea
i mean i always thought chai was just another word for tea?? in russian chai is tea
why donât white people just say tea
do they mean itâs that spicy cinnamon tea
why donât they just call it âspicy cinnamon teaâ
the spicy cinnamon one is actually masala chai specifically so like
thereâs literally no reason to just say chai or chaiÂ
They donât know better. To them âchai teaâ IS that specific kind of like, creamy cinnamony tea. They think âchaiâ is an adjective describing âteaâ.
What English sometimes does when it encounters words in other languages that it already has a word for is to use that word to refer to a specific type of that thing. Itâs like distinguishing between what English speakers consider the prototype of the word in English from what we consider non-prototypical.
(Sidenote: prototype theory means that people think of the most prototypical instances of a thing before they think of weirder types. For example: list four kinds of birds to yourself right now. You probably started with local songbirds, which for me is robins, blue birds, cardinals, starlings. If I had you list three more, you might say pigeons or eagles or falcons. It would probably take you a while to get to penguins and emus and ducks, even though those are all birds too. A duck or a penguin, however, is not a prototypical bird.)
âChaiâ means tea in Hindi-Urdu, but âchai teaâ in English means âtea prepared like masala chaiâ because itâs useful to have a word to distinguish âthe kind of tea we make hereâ from âthe kind of tea they make somewhere elseâ.
âNaanâ may mean bread, but ânaan breadâ means specifically âbread prepared like thisâ because itâs useful to have a word to distinguish between âbread made how we make itâ and âbread how other people make itâ.
We also sometimes say âliege lordâ when talking about feudal homage, even though âliegeâ is just âlordâ in French, or âflower blossomâ to describe the part of the flower that opens, even though when âflowerâ was borrowed from French it meant the same thing as blossom.Â
We also do this with place names:Â âbreaâ means tar in Spanish, but when we came across a place where Spanish-speakers were like âthereâs tar hereâ, we took that and said âOkay, hereâs the La Brea tar pitsâ.
 Or âSaharaâ. Sahara already meant âgiant desert,â but we call it the Sahara desert to distinguish it from other giant deserts, like the Gobi desert (Gobi also means desert btw).
English doesnât seem to be the only language that does this for places: this page has Spanish, Icelandic, Indonesian, and other languages doing it too.
Languages tend to use a lot of repetition to make sure that things are clear. English says âJohn walksâ, and the -s on walks means âone person is doing thisâ even though we know âJohnâ is one person. Spanish puts tense markers on every instance of a verb in a sentence, even when itâs abundantly clear that they all have the same tense (âayer [yo] caminĂ© por el parque y juguĂ© tenisâ even though âayerâ means yesterday and âyoâ means I and the -Ă© means âI in the pastâ). English apparently also likes to use semantic repetition, so that people know that âchaiâ is a type of tea and ânaanâ is a type of bread and âSaharaâ is a desert. (I could also totally see someone labeling something, for instance, pan dulce sweetbread, even though âpan dulceâ means âsweet breadâ.)
Also, specifically with the chai/tea thing, many languages either use the Malay root and end up with a word that sounds like âteaâ (like tĂ© in Spanish), or they use the Mandarin root and end up with a word that sounds like âchaiâ (like cha in Portuguese).
So, can we all stop making fun of this now?
Okay and Iâm totally going to jump in here about tea because itâs cool. Ever wonder why some languages call tea âchaiâ or âchaâ and others call it âteaâ or âtheâ?Â
It literally all depends on which parts of China (or, more specifically, what Chinese) those cultures got their tea from, and who in turn they sold their tea to.Â
The Portuguese imported tea from the Southern provinces through Macau, so they called tea âchaâ because in Cantonese itâs âchaâ. The Dutch got tea from Fujian, where Min Chinese was more heavily spoken so itâs âtheeâ coming from âteâ. And because the Dutch sold tea to so much of Europe, that proliferated the âteâ pronunciation to France (âtheâ), English (âteaâ) etc, even though the vast majority of Chinese people speak dialects that pronounce it âchaâ (by which I mean Mandarin and Cantonese which accounts for a lot of the people who speak Chinese even though they arenât the only dialects).
And âchaiâ/âchayâ comes from the Persian pronunciation who got it from the Northern Chinese who then brought it all over Central Asia and became chai.
(Source)Â
This is the post that would make Uncle Iroh join tumblr
Tea and linguistics. My two faves.
Okay, this is all kinds of fascinating!
Quality linguistic research
The best part of âme, an intellectualâ is that the grammatically correct pronoun would be âIâ.
you: me, an intellectual
me, an intellectual: I, an intellectual
hi where the fuck do you think that fragment is getting nominative case. listen to me. subjects of transitive verbs in nom-acc languages get nominative case by agreeing with a tense node. are you listening. fragments are accusative in english because thatâs the default case when thereâs no case-assigning node. meet me in the pit behind the dennyâs and i will explain this to you. bring a whiteboard
you: The best part of âme, an intellectualâ is that the grammatically correct pronoun would be âIâ.
kirby, a linguist: meet me in the pit behind the dennyâs and i will explain this to you. bring a whiteboard
Old English just has some wonderful words and kennings. I mean, really:
Their word for sea? It was often swan-rad or âroad of the swan.â Spider was gangelwaefre, literally âthe walking weaver.â They had the simple and now-obsolete word uht, which describes that time just before sunrise when mist still hangs heavy over all the fields and lakes and the last few stars are still out.
âŠAlso, they didnât say body. They said ban-cofan, which means âbone-cave,â and if you donât think thatâs some hardcore shit right there then you need to get out of my face before I turn your skull into a mead-cup.
@tolkien-in-beleriand
this is awesome!
In the commentary on his translation of Beowulf, Tolkien argues that translating ârĂĄdâ as âroadâ in the context of kennings for the sea is incorrect. On the subject of âhronrĂĄdâ, which is often translated as âwhale-roadâ, he says: ârĂĄd is the ancestor of our modern word âroadâ, but it does not mean âroadâ. Etymology is not a safe guide to sense. rĂĄd is the noun of action to rĂdan 'rideâ and means riding - i.e. 'riding on horseback; moving as a horse does (or a chariot), or as a ship does at anchorâ; and hence 'a journey in horsebackâ (or more seldom by ship), 'a course (however vagrant)â. It does not mean the actual 'trackâ - still less the hard paved permanent and more or less straight tracks that we associate with the 'roadââŠThe word as 'kenningâ therefore means dolphinâs riding, i.e. in full, the watery fields where you can see dolphins and lesser members of the whale-tribe playing, or seeming to gallop like a line of riders on the plains. That is the picture and comparison the kenning was meant to evoke. It is not evoked by 'whale roadâ - which suggests a sort of semi-submarine steam-engine running along submerged metal rails over the Atlantic.â
reblogging again for the comment