Raskolnikov's Hometown (Родной город Раскольникова)
Alright folks, this one's going to be a different kind of post than I normally put out on here.
It concerns the question of Rodion Romanovich Raskolnikov's hometown, from Crime and Punishment. Now, when I'm talking about this, I obviously do not mean St. Petersburg, which is where the bulk of the novel takes place. Rather, I am referring to where Raskolnikov grew up as a child. His hometown only has scattered references throughout the novel, but those with a keen eye will be able to spot them.
Several people have indirectly helped me (unknowingly) on this journey, and I will credit them when applicable as I go.
Obviously, spoilers for Crime and Punishment below. You have been warned.
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I was browsing Tumblr as usual today, when I found a post by @plutorine recommended to me (it was your post about Rodya saying mamen'ka) in my feed. As I do with most of the interesting profiles I come across, I check their past posts and see if they have anything that catches my eye. The one that got me interested this time was a post on Raskolnikov's birthchart.
I am personally not someone into astrology, but I decided to have a look for the heck of it.
The section that most caught my attention was this one:
For some reason, it had never occurred to me that Dostoevsky could actually have a hometown in mind for Rodya and hint at it throughout the story, but I decided to take up the challenge. Now I had a lead that he was either from Rostov or Ryazan Oblast (Province).
(Edit, a lot later, but before I published this post: After I went back to the link for screenshots, I noticed @plutorine also wrote a follow-up post to the one I shared above here, stating she was sure Raskolnikov hails from the town of Zaraysk (Зарайск). I'll go through the evidence and the articles I've found online to objectively prove this—so trust me, I have something to contribute here.)
I trusted that those were real sentences in the Garnett translation, but since I read C&P from the Oliver Ready translation, I pulled up the PDF to try to find the corresponding spot:
I hadn't clicked on the footnote at the time (which was silly of me, since I could have saved a lot of time by doing so), but the footnote confirms that Dostoevsky is referencing Ryazan Oblast:
(Have I mentioned how much I love Oliver Ready's footnotes? They are so damn helpful. I guess you could consider this a free plug for his translation of the book. He made my reading experience infinitely more enjoyable and fascinating than it otherwise would have been, he was able to answer a lot of questions I never even knew I had, and the sentences simply flow beautifully. I've also compared it with the Russian side-by-side before, and it has always seemed a lot more faithful to the source material, in my view.)
Anyway, as the footnote says, it appears that a lot of raskolniki at the time hailed from that particular oblast. It also implies Rostov wasn't even an oblast at the time. Indeed, a quick internet search yields:
1937 was well ahead of the events of C&P. Dostoevsky wasn't even alive by then. (Perhaps for the best. He probably would have gone insane seeing the state of affairs in the Soviet Union by then. Actually, scrap that; he would've been horrified by Lenin, much less Stalin.)
Anyway, I scrolled down to the comments of the original post, and I spotted this comment by @vintageshits:
There was absolutely no way I was going to pass up the citation for this one, so I took on the challenge of finding the original text.
I took the Russian name of Zaraysk—Зарайск—and plugged it into a PDF I found of the original Russian, trying to figure out why Ctrl + F on "Zaraysk" wasn't working in the Ready PDF. After some comparing and jumping back and forth between both original and translation, I discovered it was because Ready had romanized Зарайск to "Zaraisk." After I figured this out, it became a lot easier to do the tracking.
Here's an intriguing detail I hadn't noticed before: (I should really reread this book, but I'm still chipping away at TBK...)
(The 19th footnote just leads to the same one I shared about Ryazan earlier.)
This is the scene where Zametov (the doctor tending to Rodya) is explaining the latest news on the murder, where it is revealed Rodya dropped a piece of jewelry during his hasty escape. The interesting thing to note here is how the painters who were caught at the scene also hail from the same town (or district?) as Rodya. I figure there are probably some important thematic points here about tying raskolniki and the "unbelievers" to Rodya, but these insights may have to wait for another day.
In any case, Ready already wrote a small essay on it in the footnotes (you absolute legend):
This 8th footnote was tied to a passage much later in the novel, when Rodya is being interrogated by Porfiry about Mikolka, the man who had confessed in Rodya's place about committing the crime he never had any involvement in:
All of this is to say, there are arrows everywhere pointing to the fact Rodya comes from Zaraysk.
However, the piece of text that seals the deal, the one I saved for last, as it is the most important, is here:
We have come full circle, back to @vintageshits' original comment. However, I thought it wouldn't hurt to do some research of Zaraysk on my own... which basically meant checking its Wikipedia page:
So yep. There you have it. Raskolnikov's family hails from the town of Zaraysk, in the Ryazan Oblast.
Oh, but don't go yet—that's not even all!
I will shove the last of my internet exploits into your face.
The first one is an article by Russia Beyond—one of my favorite sources when it comes to Russian culture and history. I highly recommend checking them out, if you're into that stuff (and chances are, if you're reading this, you probably are).
It is titled, "Zaraysk: An ancient citadel known to Fyodor Dostoevsky."
That is pretty much all I need to say. However, for the lazy, here are the relevant screenshots on that page:
Zaraysk has a street named after the great writer, and although the town does not appear in his literary work,
"Ah, well, you see—I'm a big fan of Russian literature, and especially Dostoevsky, and it turns out—"
Yeah, that'd be a fun conversation.
(Most definitely most people would not stick around to listen to me ramble about my journey of untangling the origins of a Ruslit character, but I think Tumblr is pretty much the perfect place to pull off this kind of thing. So here we are.)
Last link, last link, I promise!
This page is in Russian. Courtesy of Google Translate, this is what it reads in English:
Ergo: Raskolnikov's family hails from the town of Zaraysk, in the Ryazan Oblast.
Just writing that again, since some people will probably just scroll to the bottom or something.
(Zaraysk in modern-day Russia isn't in the Ryazan Oblast—it was later incorporated into the Moscow Oblast, where it remains today.)