"Anyone Can Wear the Mask"
This is an extra credit project on how Spider-Man ties into APUSH. I felt like posting it not on Tumblr cuz I love Spider-Man. fair warning tho it's like 6 pages on the Google doc
Masks of America Through the Ages: The Spider-Totem and the Great Web of Life, the American Story, Liberty, and the Pursuit of Spider-Men
Spider-Man connecting to APUSH, more likely than you think. First and foremost, let’s revise the prompt together, shall we? “What does Spider-Man relate to APUSH somehow? " Nothing more, nothing less. Granted, this was stated sarcastically, but the challenge had already been made, so we can’t back down now.
Now, there are a lot of Spider-People in the Marvel Universe- countless multiverses and timelines, and countless masks. But the prompt specifies Spider-Man, and that particular word choice is more important than you’d think. The “man” part implies we can’t bring in Spider-Women, Spider-Girls, or animal variants. Sorry, Peni Parker, Gwen Stacy, Jessica Drew, Cindy Moon, Mayday Parker, Petra Parker, and Spider-Ham- You’re all canceled for this paper. Maybe another time.
That still leaves quite a few options. But remember, this is APUSH: Advanced Placement United States History. That means all Spider-Men from outside the U.S. are eliminated. Goodbye, Hobie Brown, Pavitr Prabhakar, and Takuya Yamashiro. You will be missed.
So how do we narrow this down even further? APUSH covers the period 1491 to the present. Let’s amend it to 1491-2001. That timeframe cuts out all the medieval - sorry, Spider-Man Snyder-Khight- and futuristic ones- like Spider-Man 2099 Miguel O'Hara, sorry not sorry.
But before we dive in, we need to define what it means to be a Spider-Man. According to Stan Lee, Spider-Man’s creator, “ What I like about the costume is that anybody reading Spider-Man in any part of the world can imagine that they themselves are under the costume, and that’s a good thing.” “You know, one of the greatest things about Spider-Man’s outfit- he is completely covered, so any kid could imagine he’s Spider-Man.” and from Into the Spider-Verse, said by Stan Lee’s cameo - heavily inspired by Lee’s philosophy- “Anyone can wear the mask. But how you wear it- that’s what matters.”
So we’ve established that Spider-Man is not just Peter Parker from Queens. He is a universal archetype- ordinary person, great power, extraordinary responsibility. With that foundation, we can analyze how Spider-Men in different eras embody APUSH themes.
Fictional characters in historical fiction are often used to highlight broader themes in U.S history. Spider-Man, in particular, is a great example of this. Spider-Man, while often depicted as a superhero, exists in many incarnations and variants across the globe, timelines, and multiverses. The parameters give us quite a bit to work with, as numerous Spider-Mn from a plethora of time periods align with major developments in American history. From the colonial struggles of Peter Parquagh, to the frontier justice of Webslinger Patrick O’Hara, to the Depression-era conflicts of Spider-Man Noir, and finally to Peter Parker in 2001, Spider-Man embodies ever-changing themes of individual responsibility, justice, and America’s relationship with power and the people.
Spider-Man’s experiences across these centuries illustrate how ordinary individuals responded to historical challenges such as colonization, westward expansion, the Great Depression, World War II, and the anxieties of the early 21st century. The famous Spider-Man motto, “ with great power comes great responsibility.”, resonates as much with American history as it does with fandom culture.
Let’s hit the ground running by jumping right into Peter Parquagh’s story in Marvel 1602. The comic issue does a wonderful job of mirroring the tensions of early colonial America. While technically being from Scotland- which was a part of England at the time- Parquagh travels to the New World and finds himself in Roanoke Colony- the site of the first of America’s many great mysteries. It is here that he is bitten by a spider, exposed to temporal energy anomalies, and gains powers.
Parquagh’s presence exemplifies APUSH period 1-2 themes(1491-1607, 1607-1754): European colonization, Indigenous displacement, and the development of new cultural identities in America. His story is tied to Virginia Dare, the first English child born in the New World, who becomes his love interest- much like MJ and Gwen Stacy- and companion. Their story mirrors the myth-making around America’s early settlement- the hope of a light at the end of the tunnel.
Just as colonists experimented with self-government through the House of Burgesses(1619) and the Mayflower Compact(1620), Parquagh learns to take responsibility in a land without old institutions. His apprenticeship under newspaperman J.Jonah Jameson reflects the rise of a colonial press, which by the 1700s would become an invaluable tool for revolutionary thought - the Zennger Trail.
Yet Parquagh’s powers also mark him as “abnormal”, paralleling how colonists and Indigenous peoples struggled with cultural clashes. His short career in Roanoke was cut off by Virginia Dare’s death at the hands of Norman Osborn, reflecting the tragedy and instability of early colonial experiments. Roanoke itself vanished from history with no explanation, when in reality, due to severe drought, the settlers led by Governor John White, moved to join a local Native tribe.
Thus, Peter Paraquagh embodies the APUSH themes of colonization, survival, and identity formation. His story is less about conquest and more about the fragile beginnings of an American identity- one where responsibility begins to shift from empire to individual.
Fast forward to the 19th century, and America is defined by westward expansion, Manifest Destiny, and the frontier myth. In this context, Spider-Man becomes Patrick O’Hara, the Webslinger.
O’Hara lives in a lawless frontier town, where justice is enforced less by government than by individual courage. Instead of traditional mechanical web-shooters, he wields revolvers which fire webbing- a clever fusion of pattern with the cowboy aesthetic. His story parallels APUSH period 4-6 themes: expansion, sectionalism, and the closing frontier.
The West symbolized opportunity for colonists- land through the Homestead Act (1862), wealth through mining booms, and freedom through the cowboy lifestyle. But it also meant violence: wars against Native nations, outlaw gangs, and railroad monopolies. Webslinger, much like the archetypal lone sheriff, embodies the paradox of the frontier: one person must enforce justice in a time when law is absent.
Unlike Peter Parker, who is often depicted burdened by loneliness, O’Hara, in juxtaposition, embraces his isolation. This reflects the rigid myth of rugged individualism, a core American ideology that still persists today. His revolver-webs mirror how American innovation adapted European technology to new contexts- just as the telegraph, railroads, and barbed wire transformed the West.
During the Spider-Verse event- the comic books The Amazing Spider-Man #32 and #33 are the first issues of the "Spider-Verse" main event. The event began in November 2014 and ran until February 2015.- O’Hara joins a larger multiversal cause, echoing how frontier myths were later folded into a national identity. His role embodies APUSH themes of Manifest Destiny, the tension between freedom and violence, and the shaping of American exceptionalism.
The 1930s marked one of America’s darkest hours: the Great Depression. Spider-Man Noir(Earth-90214) embodies this darkness.
Set in 1933 New York, Peter Parker, now a private detective, gains powers after being bitten by a spider idol. Instead of bright spandex, he dons a trench coat, goggles, and sometimes carries pistols, all drenched in black. His methods are violent, even lethal at times, as he takes on mobsters, corrupt officials, and eventually Nazis.
This variant of Peter Parker APUSH period 7 themes: economic crisis, reforms, and global conflict. During the Depression, unemployment soared to 25%, and faith in institutions collapsed, and many Americans lost homes in the Dust Bowl migration. Just as Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal sought to restore hope through government intervention, Spider-Man Noir seeks justice when institutions fail.
But Noir is not the optimistic hero archetype. His use of violence mirrors the era’s desperation. His battles against the Nazis reflect America’s eventual confrontation with fascism in WWII. In fact, much like the Arsenal of Democracy, Noir sees his city as the frontline against tyranny. A clear window into the nitty-grittiness of the era. His moral struggles reflect a broader national tension: how far can America go to preserve justice?
Through Noir, economic despair, the rise of authoritarianism, and the moral cost of war are mirrored in his day-to-day life. His story amplifies how Americans in the 1930s-40s sought meaning in a world that seemed broken.
Now, let’s return to our classic Spider-Man. By 2001, Spider-Man had returned to his most basic concept: Peter Parker of Queens, New York. But the context had changed dramatically.
In September 2001, America suffered the 9/11 terrorist attacks, striking at the heart of New York. Marvel responded with The Amazing Spider-Man(Vol 2) #36- the “Black Issue.” Here, Spider-Man isn’t depicted swinging above rooftops or locked in an altercation with the Green Goblin. Here, Spider-Man is standing amid firefighters, police, and grieving citizens. He weeps because being fictional renders you powerless against real-world tragedy.
This mirrors period 9 themes: globalization, terrorism, and crisis response. Just as Americans in 2001 struggled to find meaning in the aftermath of the rubble. Spider-Man is used in this instance as a window to the resilience and grief of the people. He became every New Yorker, every American who asked,” What can I do?”
In the same year, J. Michael Straczynski’s Coming Home arc introduced Morlun, a villain who feeds on Spider-Totems. This storyline elevated Peter’s role from local hero to a part of the cosmic Great Web of Life and Destiny. In a way, this mirrors America’s own shift in 2001: from a post-Cold War superpower without clear enemies to a nation suddenly entangled in global webs of terrorism, security, and identity crises.
Peter’s 2001 run shows Spider-Man beyond the mask as both local and global, vulnerable yet responsible. He mirrors a nation that must confront tragedy, redefine its purpose, and grapple with the burdens of power.
An often-overlooked and underutilized aspect of Spider-Man is the Great Web of Life and Destiny, introduced in Spider-Verse. This cosmic framework ensures that Spider-Totems exist in every culture, every era, and every universe. By implication, there could have been Indigenous Spider-Totems in the Americas long before colonization. While Marvel has not explored this directly, the concept parallels APUSH themes of American and National Identity, showing how Native peoples built complex spiritual traditions and systems of governance centuries before European settlement.
So while there isn’t a Native Spider-Man, there is an Indigenous trickster figure recognized as both man and spider in Lakota mythology called Iktómi, which is recognized as canon by Marvel comics. However, if we were to imagine an indigenous Spider-Man, their story might resemble leaders like Tecumseh, who sought to unite Native nations against U.S expansion during the early 1800s. His sense of duty, responsibility, and sacrifice could mirror the famous lesson: “with great power comes great responsibility.” Likewise, the Iroquois Confederacy demonstrated democratic governance and cooperation long before the U.S. Constitution, exemplifying how Spider-Man’s ethos of teamwork and justice could have been rooted in Native traditions.
Thus far, just as Marvel has largely excluded Indigenous superheroes, U.S. history has often erased Native voices. Policies such as the Indian Removal Act(1830) and later the Dawes Act(1887) attempted to break apart Native communities and assimilate them into white colonialist society. These efforts parallel how an Indigenous Spider-Man, if they existed, might have been silenced or forgotten in the national memory. Still, just as Spider-Man stories emphasize resilience and perseverance, Native people resisted through survival, adaptation, and cultural revival and resistance movements like the Ghost Dance in the late 19th century.
Ultimately, the Great Web lore invites us to imagine how Spider-Man’s core message- that “anyone can wear the mask”- resonates across all of America’s history, including the marginalized and erased, not just European colonization onward. I personally would love to see an Indigenous Spider-Man and the nuances of how they come to terms with their Identity and how the mask could relate its symbolism of strength, resistance to the echoing survival of Native nations across centuries of struggle.
Taken together, the many versions of Spider-Man across 1491-2001 represent phases of American history. From the colonial beginnings of Peter Parquagh, to the frontier law of Weblinger, the Depression struggles of Noir, and the modern resilience of Peter Parker in 2001, each Spider-Man in this list and beyond it embodies APUSH themes of individual responsibility, national identity, and the tension between power and morality.
Spider-Man helps demonstrate that ordinary people like you and me can shape history; it shows that history isn’t written just by the victors. Just colonists, pioneers, workers, Natives, and regular citizens responded to challenges in U.S. history, Spider-Men across all eras took responsibility in times of need. Stan Lee’s words ring true even years after his passing:” Anyone can wear the mask.” In APUSH, too, anyone- Virginia Dare to frontier settlers, from Depression-era families to first responders in 2001- can rise to the challenge and answer the call.
Spider-people beyond 1491-2001, beyond America. They're not just comic book characters. They're one of the many threads weaving together something bigger, just like a spider.
“Marvel 1602.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, last modified May 11, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvel_1602.
“Spider-Man Noir.” Wikipedia: The Free Encyclopedia. Wikimedia Foundation, n.d., https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spider-Man_Noir.
“Amazing Spider-Man Vol. 2 (1999–2014).” Marvel Database – Fandom, https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Amazing_Spider-Man_Vol_2.
“Patrick O’Hara (Earth-31913).” Marvel Database – Fandom, https://marvel.fandom.com/wiki/Patrick_O%27Hara_(Earth-31913).
Calloway, Colin G. First Peoples: A Documentary Survey of American Indian History. 5th ed., Bedford/St. Martin’s, 2020.
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