How to Write a Great Query Letter
Part 2 of a 2-part series of guest posts by Alec J. Marsh. Part 1, âWhy Query Letters are Good, Actually,â came out last week; you can read it here!
Alec is also the author of Duck Prints Pressâs forthcoming novella To Drive the Hundred Miles, about a young man coming home for the holidays and finding more than he expected. Itâs coming out December 21st, 2022. They know what theyâre talking about, as an author and about a writer-writing-about-writing, so read on and learn!
Now that youâve read the first post in this series, and had a week to reflect on it⌠are you convinced yet? Are you ready to acquire the most important marketing skill of your career? Great!Â
If youâre primarily interested in how to pitch to Duck Prints Press specifically, there will be a full post about that coming out in the near future. But I promise, these skills will help you whatever your writing aspirations are.Â
1. The Really Boring Part
Most queries open with a paragraph called âmetadata.â This is all the marketing stuff that you need to get out of the way so your agent/editor knows what kind of book it is. This includesÂ
Length: This is vitally important for traditional publishing. If you are a debut author and your story isnât within the accepted range, youâll get automatically rejected by most agents. There are very good industry reasons for that, but discussing thatâs a different article. If you want to look at the averages, check out this link.
Genre and age range: This is practical for marketing and readership purposes, and it also puts the summary in context.Â
Comparative (or Comp) Titles: This is a tricky one, and a full discussion on selecting appropriate comparative titles could easily be its own separate blog post, but the short version is that you should pick titles that your book can be compared to. That can be descriptiveââSupernatural but set in Eastern Europeââor genreââFor fans of Tamora Pierceââor even trope basedââSunshine/Grumpy romance set in a world of danger and magic.â There are a ton of options, but the main point is to position your story in the market and make it easy to pick up quickly.Â
Logline: This serves a similar purpose as the comp titles do and is meant to sum up one cool part of your story. It doesnât have to sum up the entire story. For example, Gideon the Ninth sounds wild if you try to summarize the plot, but Iâve been able to convince all my friends to read it by saying simply, âitâs about lesbian necromancers in space.â Thatâs all you need! In casual conversation, this is often called your âelevator pitch.â Imagine youâre at a convention and you get into the elevator with your dream agent, and you have only the length of the elevator ride to sell them your novel. What do you say? Thatâs your logline.
***Both comp titles and logline are technically optional, and you donât need both of them. Itâs better to write something unique than to waste the space putting something in just because you think you need it.Â
This usually goes at the end of the query. Donât overthink it. If you have any credentials, put those in; relevant credentials can include past publications, editing jobs, or a creative writing degree. Then write one to two sentences that make you sound interesting. For example, I say that I like long walks in the fog (because I write moody fantasy) and have a history degree (because it inspires my fantasy world building).Â
I left this until the last because itâs the hardest and most important part. A killer summary will make up for dull metadata and a lackluster bio. But if the body of your query letter is weak, no MFA in the world will save you. This section should be 300 words maximum. Â
Your simplest formula for including what needs to be in this paragraph is four sentences: LEAD, OBJECTIVE, CONFLICT, TWIST. Itâs simpler than you think to write the first draft. I promise. Let it be terrible, get it down, then edit it to a fine shine (much like youâve already done with that novel!).Â
Lead: This is your main character. Name them and describe them by including their profession, skills, or other plot-relevant details.Â
Objective: What does your main character want? Try to make this as specific as possible. âLongs for acceptanceâ is vague and generic. âWants to be accepted into the Book Guildâ is specific and gives a reader clues about their personality and the setting. You can put in some information about motivation here too. Maybe her father was also a bookbinder and she needs to redeem the family name.Â
Conflict: Now weâre getting to the meat of it! Why canât your main character get what they want? Again, try to be specific and donât leave it to platitudes. If the bookbinders just donât like her, thatâs generic. If they donât like her because they think sheâs as corrupt as her father was and will bring ruin to them, thatâs something a reader can really dig into. We have themes implied now! We understand this is a story about family ties, redemption, and preconceived notions, and you didnât even need to spell that out.Â
Twist: This is the most nebulous part of the query. The twist can be a real plot twist, like her discovering that the bookbinding guild also sells occult books. It can be a cool thing about the setting, like the bookstore being on an airship. It can be the romantic subplot, if she falls in love with her rival apprentice. It can be the historical inspiration, if the book is set in a fantasy world reminiscent of Renaissance Italy. In short, what makes your book special? Whatâs going to prompt people to shove it in their friendâs faces? Itâs similar to the logline in that way.Â
You can also put the twist at the beginning of the body paragraph, if itâs really cool. You can weave it throughout. You can put it at the end in a mic drop moment. Just make your book sound cool. Thatâs literally all this is!Â
And those three sectionsâŚare basically it! Doesnât sound so scary now, right? Oh wait, it still does? Okay, then, hereâs some more tips to help you!
Write down everything you need in a query in whatever order works for you. I do it like a sad, clunky mad libs just so itâs all on the page. Itâs a lot of pressure to include all this important information AND make it pretty in one go.Â
Ask your beta readers to help! Itâs hard to summarize your own stories when youâve been living inside them for months. Iâve helped so many friends with their queries because they wrote something perfectly serviceable and technically correct that somehow still made their story sound frightfully boring. (This is not a condemnation of their skill as writers. The skills needed to write queries are completely different.)Â
Donât use rhetorical questions. This is mostly personal taste, but I think theyâre a waste of space. âWill she follow her heart?â is sort of useless when 99% of stories are about people following their heart. âShe must choose between her ambition and the chance at true loveâ is so much more clear and includes more conflict.Â
The body of your query letter actually only needs to include the first 30-50% of the story in most casesâenough to leave the reader/agent/editor eager to know what happens next, and no more. This isnât true if the twist is necessary to understanding why the story is exciting. Can you imagine trying to sell Gone Girl without including the twist that it was all a set up? That twist took the story from generic true crime to something truly original. So to some extent, youâll need to use your judgment, but thereâs rarely any need to try to fit the whole plot into that 300-word paragraph.
Do not shy away from giving spoilers (again: BE SPECIFIC). âShe finds information that may change everything,â are seven words that tell you nothing. If you say what the information is (âshe finds a note from her father that makes it clear he was framedâ), youâll leave the reader desperate to know what the outcome will be, begging for the rest of the story.Â
Get the query competent and coherent, and then leave it for at least a week. This is good editing advice for any story, but itâs absolutely vital for a query. Because theyâre so short and so much rides on them, every single word you write in the query has to be useful, and every sentence has to be clear, concise, and intriguing. Donât rush this; itâs better to go slow and get it right then hurry along and face a pile of rejections.Â
Have a query beta reader who hasnât read your story. Make sure it makes sense with no context. Revise it again. Leave it for another week. (Iâm sorry. But Iâm not really.)
I know this sounds like a lot. Query letters are hard, and the pressure makes it harder. Writing culture loves to hate on them, for good reason. But you learned to write a novel, something that takes years to master! You can learn to write a query letter too. I wonât pretend itâs easy, but it is a skill you can learn, and itâs worth it! With a single page, you can convince people to buy your book, and thatâs magical!Â
You can learn more about Alec here; you can learn more about To Drive the Hundred Miles here, and read a teaser here. And, you can check out Alecâs two already-published erotica works Heartâs Scaffolding and Study Hall.
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