Mother Goddess from Çatalhöyük, neolithicum, c. 6000-5500 BCE.
Museum of Anatolian Civilizations, Ankara, Türkiye.
Çatalhöyük (English: Chatalhoyuk /ˌtʃɑːtɑːlˈhuːjʊk/ cha-tal-HOO-yuhk; Turkish: [tʃaˈtaɫhœjyc]; also spelled Çatal Höyük or Çatal Hüyük; from Turkish çatal “fork” and höyük “mound”) is a large tell—an artificial mound created by successive layers of human habitation—representing a major Neolithic and Chalcolithic proto-city in southern Anatolia. The site was occupied from around 7500 to 5600 BCE and reached its peak around 7000 BCE. In July 2012, it was designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
Located on the Konya Plain in modern-day Turkey, southeast of the city of Konya (ancient Iconium) and about 140 km (87 mi) from the twin-peaked volcano Mount Hasan, Çatalhöyük comprises two main settlement mounds. The eastern mound—rising about 20 m (66 ft) above the plain during its final Neolithic phase—was the principal habitation area, while a smaller mound lies to the west and a later Byzantine settlement stands a few hundred meters to the east. The prehistoric sites were abandoned before the Bronze Age. In ancient times, a branch of the Çarşamba River flowed between the two mounds, and the settlement was built on fertile alluvial clay favorable for early agriculture. Today, the nearest major river is the Euphrates.
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