1. Beginnings Prehistory-900 BCE | Book Series Post #5
This is the first time my brain has been able to comprehend the enormity of Minoan 'palaces'. This beautiful art work gave me the mental image I needed. (Wikipedia only offers an unhelpful floor plan that looks like squiggles.)
The section mentions how this is probably the explanation for the mythical labyrinth that imprisoned the Minotaur in myth. In my opinion, Knossos Palace is certainly the labyrinth-like structure that actually existed in reality.
This chapter has also helped me understand that "palace" is a bit of a misnomer. It wasn't simply a royal residence but a hub of many different important aspects of an entire community.
"Minoan Crete is known for its court-centered complexes. The processes by which these "palaces" emerged was already underway at the end of the Neolithic period. Monumental tombs secured communal claims to land and resources, and feasts became arenas for social and political negotiation. By the Early Bronze Age, a major reorganization of space at some sites served to accommodaté these and other ceremonial activities, and soon the first "palatial" architecture appeared." (page 26-27)
"Settlements were established across Crete and some became very large. Knossos, for example, had a population of up to 15,000 and represented one of the largest communities in the Mediterranean" (page 27)
Griffin facing the throne. Unearthed in 1900, the Throne Room was at the heart of the palace complex at Knossos, Crete, and was constructed in the 15th century BcE. The room's walls revealed fragments of frescoes depicting gray palm trees on a hilly red ground and two griffins painted on the walls on either side of one of the room's entrances. Subsequently, the frescoes in the room were re-created by Swiss artist Emile Gilliéron and his son (also called Emile), who combined elements of the fragments in a plan that included two griffins facing the stone chair (or throne) in the center of the north wall. (Page 11)
Dolphin fresco. This colorful seascape fresco shows the importance of the sea in Minoan culture, and was found at the Palace of Knossos. Painted behind the dolphins and fish is a blue net pattern thought (page 35)
This section opens up with
"In 1900, British archaeologist Arthur Evans took up the task of excavating the Minoan palace at Knossos." (page 26)
Which is depressing to me because of the state of archeology in 1900. In archeology the most important information you can gather is WHERE an item is located and HOW that item was positioned. In other words: context. Its why photographs, sketches, and notes during excavation is so important. 1900 archaeologists didn't exactly have standardized ways of doing things to ensure things are maintained for optimal future study.
Archeology is an inherently destructive science, even when we don't want it to be. No matter how much we minimize destruction, it will still happen: bodies will be removed from what was supposed to be their final resting place, artifacts will be exposed to new air that starts to erode them, sometimes artifacts are so fragile they might crumble when touched, not to mention looters if a site has no security. This is why many archeological sites today are not fully excavated, we know in the future there will be much better technology to lessen the destruction archeological digs cause. Better technology not just to preserve things but to better understand things.
Arthur Evans? .... he straight up made a Minoan palace his doll house.
Evans undertook extensive reconstructions at the palace using reinforced concrete, colour and architectural interpretation. These works made the site visually accessible to visitors but have also been criticised because they sometimes go beyond what can be securely reconstructed from the archaeological evidence. They are now part of the modern history of Knossos as well as part of the visitor experience. (Wikipedia)
Things were absolutely moved around for the sake of this work, valuable context was lost. Repainting parts of the palace might cause damage to trace chemicals and particulates that at one time we couldn't see but now we can understand and draw information from. However, Evans wanted to bring it to life. I understand his fascination but I'm saddened by the destruction he caused.
Another cautionary tale in the book about archeology:
Undeterred by such skepticism [of the Trojan War], Heinrich Schliemann, a German businessman with a passion for ancient history and archaeology, set out in the 1870s to find hard evidence for the siege of Troy. He began digging at a site now known as Hisarlik, on the Turkish mainland about 4 miles (7 km) from the mouth of the Dardanelles Strait. He found evidence of a fortified settlement inhabited over many centuries, but his brutal methods damaged the levels of the site that held the ruins of Homer's Troy. (page 45)