how do i deal with crippling jealousy? the type triggered by your fp having a fun time without you.
Jealousy can be a very difficult emotion to deal with even for most people, with or without BPD (though the intensity or duration of that intensity is much more extreme for people who have BPD). In DBT, we’re taught to deal with unwanted emotions in a variety of ways, but the “best way” in the eyes of many therapists (and many patients who have mastered the skill I’m about to talk about) is through an Emotion Regulation Skill called Opposite Action.
1. What is Opposite Action?
Opposite Action, at its core, is pretty much just what it sounds like. You use the Opposite Action Skill when your emotions do not fit the facts (see Check the Facts post, and well as Method 1 and Method 2 to help determine if your emotion–or its intensity or duration–fits the facts). You also use Opposite Action when your emotion does fit the facts but it would be ineffective to act on it.
By acting opposite of what your emotions are urging you to do, you are able to change your emotional reactions and possibly your emotional state in the process.
You usually use Opposite Action after first using Check the Facts, a skill that helps you determine whether your problem emotion is justified or not. If your jealousy isn’t warranted or is ineffective (which is what it sounds like in your ask) then you would use the Opposite Action Skill. If your jealous is warranted, then you would use the Problem Solving Skill (link coming soon).
Opposite Action is a fairly straightforward skill but most DBT therapists consider it to be the most difficult skill to master because it requires you to do the exact opposite of what your feelings or thoughts are telling you to do, which often feels unnatural, not genuine/dishonest, or uncomfortable. It’s not always easy, so sometimes it’s best to start small.
2. When does Jealousy “Fit the Facts”?
So, just to let everyone know, the Manual says that Jealousy “fits the facts” of a situation when:
Someone is threatening to take away a very important and desired relationship or object away from you.
An important and desired relationship is in danger of being damaged or lost
(Honestly there are a lot more legitimate feelings for jealousy, but these are the ones DBT focuses on.)
If feelings of jealousy are not justified by the facts or are not effective, you would then use Opposite Action.
3. Opposite Actions for Jealousy
Opposite Actions for Jealousy can include (but are not limited to) the following:
Do the opposite of your jealous action urges (usually specific to the situation causing your jealousy)
Let go of feeling the need to control others’ actions (such as wanting to control who your FP has fun with)
Share the things and people you have in your life.
Distract yourself from your jealousy by doing something you enjoy (even with other people) and allow yourself to have fun without your FP as well, hopefully teaching yourself that you both can have fun without needing to be together for that fun to be positive. Remember, don’t do this to make your FP jealous in response. This involves letting go of pettiness or vengeful feelings.
4. Opposite Action “All the Way”
There’s another “level” of sorts when it comes to Opposite Action (you can look at it like “leveling up”). The following kinds of Opposite Action are called “All The Way Opposite Action”:
Suppress your need to ask your FP (or whoever is the subject of your jealousy) where they were, who they were with, if they like those people better than they like you, etc. That kind of behaviour can get controlling very quickly, so completely resist the urge to do so. (Remember, this applies ONLY IF YOUR JEALOUSY DOES NOT FIT THE FACTS! If you have a valid reason to be jealous, it makes sense to ask these sorts of questions because you’re accurately assessing a threat.)
No avoiding. If you’re with the people who make you feel jealous, rather than withdrawing, you should engage while keeping your eyes open and be Mindfully Observing while Participating in the moment. Observing will help you hopefully see the interaction Non-Judgmentally rather than viewing things with jealousy-tinted lenses.
Change your posture. Jealousy can make us feel very tense and sometimes nervous and sometimes aggressive so to the following things to change your posture: a) Unclench your hands and adopt a Willing Hands posture, b) Relax chest and stomach muscles through Progressive Muscle Relaxation, c) Unclench teeth, d) Relax facial muscles and adopt a Half-Smile
Change your body chemistry by using TIP, especially the Tempterature part to bring down emotional intensity and the Paced Breathing part, to control your breathing and feel calmer and less threatened.
Now, Jealousy and Envy are often confused, so while it sounds to me like you’re experiencing jealousy, it might be beneficial for other followers to give a short breakdown of what Envy is:
Envy fits the facts when another person or group has what you want or need but don’t have.
The Opposite Actions for Envy is based around on “counting your blessings” and doing things to stop you from feeling resentful or bitter towards people who have what you want or need, as well as Checking the Facts to see if they really have so much more than you. (They might. There are lots of cases where certain people might have much more than you and that’s part of living in an inherently unequal society.)
6. What to do When Opposite Action Takes Too Many Spoons or Doesn’t Work for You
Back, to Jealousy, if Opposite Action is takes up too many spoons, or you’re just not in the right psychological place to try working against your jealousy, or the examples of Opposite Action for jealousy don’t really help you (which is totally possible, I feel that way about most of the Opposite Action pages of the DBT Manual), then I have one more skill I can suggest:
Radical Acceptance/Reality Acknowledgement
Reality Acknowledgement, as I like to call it, is a Distress Tolerance Skill that you use when you cannot change your feeling/situation/consequences/etc yet fighting against that reality is ineffective and may just cause you more suffering.
This is especially useful when you’re dealing with overwhelming jealousy and the situation you’re jealous about is not one that you can change. Ultimately, if Opposite Action doesn’t work, you’ll have to learn how to live with your jealousy–which is not an easy thing. Learning to live with an emotion that you don’t like but you have no ability to make it go away is very tough, but Radical Acceptance/Reality Acknowledgement can help you come to terms with these emotions that might be inspiring feelings of self-depreciation or self-hatred inside you for feeling them at all.
Here are some links of posts I’ve previously written about Reality Acknowledgement:
What is Radical Acceptance/Reality Acknowledgement?
How to Practice Reality Acknowledgement
It also helps to be Mindful when practicing Reality Acknowledgement. Use your Wise Mind: is it Effective to feel jealous over this? Is this jealousy helping you in any way? You can use Mindfulness Skills to help you to Observe and Describe the situation in a Non-Judgmental way, thereby hopefully removing a lot of the assumptions and/or judgements you might be making about the situation or people who are making you jealous. Try to focus on the present moment that you’re in, rather than get sucked into “What if” thinking that focuses on the future or on events that you don’t have any first-hand knowledge of.
(Such as “What if my FP is having so much fun without me because my FP is venting about how terrible I am and they’re having fun laughing at me.” That’s an example of catastrophic thinking–not saying this is something you personally are thinking–and the reason it’s catastrophic thinking is because you have no proof that anything like that is happening at all, but it’s a thought that would absolutely make you feel worse if you were thinking it.)
While being Mindful and accessing your Wise Mind, you can experience the emotion of jealousy like a wave, a wave that comes over you, peaks, and then recedes. (This is called “Mindfulness of Current Emotions” and is a component of Emotion Regulation.) Experience the jealousy you feel as an undeniable part of the present moment, but not a permanent one, and not an emotion you need to push away. Just allow yourself to experience it and let the emotion run its course without clinging to it or pushing it away–because not allowing your emotions to run their natural course often makes them worse.
a) Communicate. Communicate with your FP that you feel jealous and why. All healthy relationships are founded on solid and honest communication. Just be honest, not with any intention of coercing them to change their behaviour or stop doing what’s making you jealous, but be honest with the hope of having a conversation where both of you can clarify how you feel and result in reassurance or even a compromise. It’s always important to be open with special people in our lives about our emotional states–this helps mitigate splitting and withdrawal/isolation and fear of abandonment.
b) The other thing you can do after opening up about feeling jealous and after working to accept that your FP’s actions are their own choices that you can’t control, you can look into Distress Tolerance Skills. Jealousy can be an awful emotion to feel. It can also use up a lot of spoons, which you may not have had a lot of in the first place. To replenish spoons as well as mitigate the effects the worst of your jealousy, Distress Tolerance Skills are the best skills for this. Some DBT Distress Tolerance Skills that might be relevant are:
STOP: Stop, Take a step back, Observe, Proceed Mindfully
TIP: Temperature, Intense Exercise, Paced Breathing/Paired Muscle Relaxation/Progressive Muscle Relaxation (used to change your level of distress quickly)
Distract using Wise Mind ACCEPTS: Distract yourself with Activities, Contributing, Comparisons, Emotions, Pushing away, Thoughts, Sensations
Self-Soothe: Use the senses (vision, hearing, taste, smell, touch) to soothe your physical self in order to make your emotions less painful. (Big List of Self-Soothe Ideas here)
IMPROVE the Moment: Improve the moment with Imagery, Meaning, Prayer, Relaxation, One thing in the moment, Vacations, Encouragement
Radical Acceptance/Reality Acknowledgement: Acknowledge what is, let go of fighting or denying reality. Use TURNING THE MIND to commit to acknowledgement over and over again.
Further Reading: You might be interested in looking at our resources that address the “fear of abandonment” symptom that might be an underlying factor of your jealousy, which there are many links in the FAQ on that subject. You can also read all our previous posts pertaining to jealousy here. You might find that reassurance from your FP might help ease your jealousy (or perhaps your potentially underlying fear of abandonment) so here is a post about how to ask for reassurance.
TL;DR: Jealousy, like all emotions, may or may not fit the facts of a situation. If jealousy doesn’t fit the facts of a situation or it would be ineffective to act on the urges associated with the feelings of jealousy. When jealousy does not fit the facts or is ineffective, use the DBT Skill Opposite Action. Opposite Action is a skill you use for a situation like this, where you act in the opposite way than your emotion wants you to. Doing this can change your body chemistry and thus your emotional state.
If Opposite Action doesn’t work, try Reality Acknowledgement, be Mindful, and use Distress Tolerance Skills to diminish the intensity of your jealousy. And, fundamental to any relationship, have an open conversation about your feelings without any intent to control the outcome.