A controlled elliptical study compared machine readings with a metabolic cart, which measures oxygen use. It found one Life Fitness model slightly underestimated calories, while one Precor model overestimated by 24.7%. So the main lesson is simple: don’t “eat back” calories just because the machine says so.
A lot of rest lately due to family and work obligations and travel. In the past I would berate myself for so many rest days. Now, not so much. 😊
And that workout on Saturday was awesome. It has to be 6 years since I did a hotel workout that was a good long full workout that I *wanted* to do and not running 1 mile on a treadmill to maintain my streak, while hungover, exhausted, and nauseous. I freaking loved my time in the gym on Saturday. 🥰
Since the 1920's galaxies have really been categorized into a number of morphologies.
Elliptical
Lenticular
Spiral (grand design)
Spiral (barred)
Irregular
The assumption has generally been that at the start of the universe, small irregular and globular clusters combined and grew, with more mergers came spiral galaxies, and as they grew larger and the supermassive black holes increased, quenching of dust and gas caused by the mammoth black hole started to kill star birth and convert the galaxy to lenticular then onto elliptical.
Professor Alister Graham of Swineburne University has come up with a new model, which places lenticular galaxies in a very different light.
A study of local galaxies he found that there were two kinds of lenticular galaxy, those dust poor and those dust rich.
The idea Graham comes up with is, that lenticular galaxies that are dust poor, when they merge with other galaxies and get an injection of dust and gas, this disrupts the disk around the centre, causing the dust and gas to be pushed outwards into long arm like structures, which are then dense enough to create stars, and the spiral structures that we are use to.
Dust rich lenticulars on the other hand are the product of spiral mergers where the arms are erased, and feeds the central black hole quickly then quenching the galaxy and turning it into an elliptical galaxy.
If this is true, it means our Milky Way was once a dust poor lenticular galaxy, a number of collisions in our early history created the spiral structure we see today. It also means that future mergers with Andromeda are likely to result in dust rich lenticular galaxies that will form an elliptical galaxy once the supermassive black hole gets to work.
The upshot of this research is that galaxy mergers are what drive morphology.
Source:
A century-old mystery of how galaxies change shapes has been solved by considering 'survival of the fittest' collisions between cosmic titan