So, taking it that you said you live in Arizona and âyour family has a farm in Chihuahua,â A quick congratulations are in order. Youâre an absentee landowner! Youâre right at the peak of farmingâs social pyramid. Living the dream.
So you probably donât participate in the day-to-day management, you just collect checks. Pretty common situation for absentee landlords. From that distance, itâs understandable that you have a poor grasp on water, land, and how they play out in various types of agriculture.
But letâs take a step back.
Lots of cultures have used low or no meat diets. The Ganges valley, ancient Egypt, China, much of early Europe, ect.
Notice anything in common there?
Theyâre all very, very wet. Plants that are edible for humans grow readily.
They also had intense hierarchies where elites could just tell the lower classes they werenât allowed to eat meat-whether via religious teachings, custom, or just straight-up economic exploitation to where animal protein was unattainable. But thatâs a whole different discussion.
On the other hand, lots of cultures have used mostly or all animal diets.
E.G. The Bedouin, Mongols, Maasai, Inuit, ect.
What do these have in common? Theyâre in places that are either very dry or very cold. Either the plants that grow are very sparse & tough, or none at all.
Humans can only digest specific types of plant matter. We need tender stems, leaves & fruit; enlarged seeds, or energy storing roots.
The entire rest of the plant is inedible for us. Stalk, branch, dry leaves, ect.
And without intense irrigation, the only plants that grow in dry areas are entirely made of things that humans canât digest. Theyâre almost entirely cellulose. Tough stalks, fibrous leaves covered in wax and hair, thorns, ect.
Thatâs why we call these areas âscrubâ. The only use humans can make of the natural vegetation is to scrub pots.
ButâŚcows, sheep, goats, horses, bison, deer, camels & other ruminants can digest all of it.
Thatâs what those 3 and 4 chambered stomachs are for. These animals GI tracts are fermentation chambers full of microflora that break long, tough cellulose molecules down into sugars and fatty acids that the cow can use.
We canât do that. We eat straw, we just poop out straw.
Thatâs why people living in deserts, scrub & dry grasslands arenât vegetarian. Theyâd starve. They kept close to the animals that can digest what grows there; ruminants.
(The oceanic food chain that Inuit & other maritime peoples are looped into is a whole ânother discussion.)
Failure to recognize the role of local environment in diet is a major oversight in the vegetarian community at large, so again, no personal blame here.
Traditional vegetarian societies are trotted out to showcase that low/no meat diets are possible. But itâs done w/o recognition as to why âthose particularâ societies did it, and others did not.
Paying attention to local environment is a huge part of sustainability, and yet sustainability movements donât always do so well at that.
We can also fall short by failing to recognize that for dry regions, the bottleneck in productivity isnât land, itâs water.
As an absentee landowner, you may or may not be aware of how much irrigation water it takes to grow vegetables in a desert. Math time.
Letâs start w. cows. Best figures for cow carrying capacity in landscape similar to Chihuahua are for dry part of CO. Double that for Chihuahuaâs longer growing season, and 10 cows would need about 73 acres to live on (wild scrub w no irrigation.)
Cool, so we donât have to irrigate to feed those cows. All we have to do is give them drinking water. How much? A cow needs about 18.5 gal/day, so 10 of them for a year would need about 67,000 gallons.
67,000 gallons is a decent amount of water.
Now letâs look at how much it takes to grow vegetables on that same land.
Most plant crops need about an acre-inch of water per week.
For the non-farmers and absentee landlords following along, an acre-inch is just how much water it takes to cover an acre of land 1â deep.
Itâs about 27,000 gallons.
An acre of crops needs that every single week.
Chihuahuaâs got this amazing long growing season. So letâs say a veggie, grain, soybean or other plant protein farm in Chihuahuaâs got crops in the ground 40 weeks out of the year.
73 acres x 40 weeks x 27,000 gallons/week = 79 MILLION gallons of water.
Thatâs a thousand times more water.
It takes a thousand times more water to grow an acre of crops for human consumption, than it takes to grow an acre of cow on wild range.
Again, as an absentee farm owner you may or may not be aware already. But for audience at home, most of Chihuahuaâs irrigation water comes from the Rio Conchos.
The riverâs drying up so hard that itâs the subject of a dedicated WWF preservation project.
âBut thatâs not a fair comparison. An acre of crops can feed 10x as many people as an acre of cattle.â
Exactly. A crop-only diet can feed 10x as many people. But it takes 1000x as much water.
In places where thereâs limited land and a surplus of water, it makes a lot of sense to optimize for land, so there, grow & eat crops.
And in places where thereâs a lot of land and limited water, it makes sense to optimize for water, So there, grow & eat ruminants.
Itâs really interesting to me that the conversation around vegetarianism & the environment is so strongly centered on assumptions that every place in the world is on the limited land/surplus plan.
You know what region that describes really well? Northwestern Europe.
In many ways, viewing low/no meat diets as the One True Sustainable Way is very much a vestige of colonialism. It found a farmway that works really well in NW Europe, assumed it must be universal, and tries to apply it to places where it absolutely does not pencil out.
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