How to Take Care of Yourself When You Have A Stomach Bug
A lot of you have been asking me to do a "how to take care of yourself when you're sick" post. There's a lot to that ask, so I'm going to be breaking it up. You can read the one I did on colds here.
This post will be about taking care of yourself when you have nausea/vomiting/diarrhea. Those symptoms aren't limited to just the infectious kind of stomach bug, so take this as more general knowledge.
When we are talking about the infectious kind of stomach bug, you want to be very careful about cleanliness. Wash your hands with soap and water (notably, not hand sanitizer in this case- many GI pathogens just laugh at hand sanitizer) every time you go to the bathroom or vomit. If you are sick, do not handle food other people will eat. If you are the only person who can possibly handle food and there is no way around it, wash your hands extremely well, wear nitrile gloves, and cook any food you have touched thoroughly.
Nausea is the sense of discomfort in the abdomen, chest, or throat that often accompanies vomiting. You can have nausea without vomiting too. It can come from things like infectious stomach bugs, but it can also come from things like motion sickness, chronic GI illness, emotional distress, or side effects from medications. Nausea is multipurpose like that.
Generally the biggest thing with anything GI is that you want to stay hydrated. With vomiting, it can be hard, especially if you are vomiting frequently. Always start by waiting about 30-60 minutes since the last episode of vomiting, then taking very small sips of plain water every ten minutes or so. If you vomit again, start over. If you can't hold down plain water for 24 hours (or less if you have other symptoms of dehydration like very dark, infrequent urine, or your skin stays tented when pinched) seek medical care. You should also seek medical care if there is blood in your vomit (red or "coffee grounds" appearance) or if you have a fever.
If you have nausea/vomiting often you should also see a healthcare provider about that. It's not normal to have nausea/vomiting regularly.
Once you're tolerating water though, branch out to other clear liquids. Clear liquids are things you can see through (or theoretically see through) and are liquid at body temperature. This includes black coffee and tea, juice without pulp, soda, broths, sports/electrolyte drinks without resin (not cloudy), gelatin, and popsicles.
Once you're doing well on clear liquids, move to full liquids. These include everything listed above and also milks, puddings, thin yogurts, ice creams, and custards without chunks.
Once you're doing well with full liquids, move on to pureed foods (like pureed soups without chunks, juices with pulp, and smoothies), or if you're really feeling good move on to soft foods like mashed vegetables.
This progression helps give your stomach time to rest and gradually build up tolerance to foods. Most people can go for a many days as long as they're getting fluids with calories and electrolytes, so don't worry about protein/fiber/vegetables/vitamins as much in the acute phase of nausea/vomiting.
There are a lot of things you can do to reduce nausea and make you more likely to tolerate liquids.
Ginger is pretty good for nausea. You can chew or suck on raw ginger (which is pretty intense for most people) or get ginger chews or tablets. You can also consume strong ginger tea hot or iced. Notably, you generally have to taste the ginger instead of just swallowing it.
Mint is also a good option. You can eat mint candy or smell peppermint oil.
Smelling isopropyl (rubbing) alcohol works well too. They sell alcohol wipes for prepping skin prior to injections, and these are super convenient (and often pretty cheap) ways to carry around isopropyl alcohol.
Coca Cola. This one is less about taste and more about the phosphoric acid content and carbonation in Coke. Because of this, it does need to be brand name or it won't work. Phosphoric acid is a great nausea reducer. Do not flatten the Coke prior to drinking. The bubbles are actually really good for nausea too. You do have to basically continually sip it for it to work.
Other sodas/Seltzer water. For the bubbles.
Hot water. Sipping water or tea that is as hot as you can stand can very temporarily relieve nausea. Like with the Coke, you have to do this pretty much continuously.
Pressure points: pressing on the inside of your wrist can help. Generally the bands designed to do this don't put enough pressure on the spot, so try on your own and experiment with how much pressure you need.
Heating pad: this is more for abdominal pain/cramping, but having a sensation like heat or cold can provide some physical distraction and improve nausea.
Cool damp wash cloth: On the face or back of the neck.
Very hot baths/showers: This is mostly useful for cannabis hyperemesis syndrome.
OTC Meds: Emetrol. This is just phosphoric acid. If Coke is working for you, just use that, it's cheaper and you can take it more often.
Bismuth subsalicylate: Pepto-Bismol. Works by reinforcing the mucous layer in the lining of the stomach and reducing inflammation. It also "collects" (adsorbs) bacteria like H. pylori and prevents it from doing damage. It also thickens poop to treat diarrhea. Don't take with aspirin or if you're allergic to aspirin. Ask before taking with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen.
Dimenhydrinate: Dramamine. This is a first generation antihistamine, which blocks histamine in the part of the brain that causes nausea. Contrary to popular belief this works for all kinds of nausea, not just motion sickness. Don't take it with other antihistamines, but you can take it with phosphoric acid or bismuth subsalicylate.
Diarrhea excessive liquid or very loose stools.
You can lose a lot of fluids very fast with diarrhea, so it's important to consume more fluids than you're losing. Drink a cup or two of electrolyte drink with every stool, if your stomach can tolerate it, and watch out for signs of dehydration.
A lot of people are afraid that if they stop diarrhea with diet or meds they won't "flush out" the bacteria, virus or parasite causing it. Because any infection is in the lining of the GI system and can't be flushed out, that's not how diarrhea works. That said, before starting an antidarrheal for acute diarrhea (diarrhea that comes on due to an infection or immediate problem), talk to a healthcare provider. Slowing the diarrhea has advantages in that it prevents dehydration and prevents the spread of certain pathogens. But if the diarrhea is caused by a pathogen that produces a toxin (like C. difficile) or if the diarrhea is caused by a food intolerance or allergy, you do want to get rid of the toxin or offending food. So you need to see a healthcare provider to rule this out.
If you have more than about 24 hours of severe diarrhea or can't stay hydrated, you should see a healthcare provider. They can give you better meds for diarrhea than over the counter, and antibiotics/antiparasitics if you need them. Other reasons to see a healthcare provider include blood your stool (which can be red or very dark black), a fever, a lot of mucous in the stool, pain in the abdomen that is sharp or hurts when you move, or significant changes to the color of the stool (like turning orange or white).
There are a number of things you can do about diarrhea:
The BRAT diet is a diet to help make diarrhea more manageable. It is primarily a low-fat, low-fiber diet that classically includes Bananas, (white) Rice, Applesauce, and (white) plain Toast. You can also include things like skinless potatoes, white flour noodles, and lean meats without skin.
Caring for the Skin Around Your Anus:
One of the problems with diarrhea is that your butt hurts due to the constant irritation from the diarrhea itself and the wiping. There are a couple of things you can do here, and you can do basically one or the other at any given time. You can alternate them, though:
Protect the skin: Get zinc oxide cream and apply it after every stool. This protects the skin around the anus from moisture.
Soothe the skin: Use witch hazel or pramoxime pads to make the skin feel better. This makes the blood vessels in the area smaller and prevents pain.
Additionally to one of the above, try using baby wipes or water to clean yourself after pooping instead of dry toilet paper.
Bismuth Subsalicylate: Pepto-Bismol. Thickens stools. Don't take with aspirin or if you're allergic to aspirin. Ask before taking with other NSAIDs like ibuprofen.
Loperamide: This is an opioid that doesn't cross the blood-brain barrier. So it doesn't help with pain, but does slow down how fast food/liquids move through the digestive system. Ask a healthcare provider before taking this with other opioids.
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